Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 40, Problem 9SQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Urine formation starts when glomerular filtration delivers protein-free plasma into a kidney tubule. Most water and solutes are returned to the blood by tubular reabsorption machinery. Substances that are not reabsorbed, and ones that are added to the filtrate by tubular secretion, end up in urine. The kidney contributes to acid-base balance by adjusting the tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate and tubular secretion of H+.
A decline in pH causes an increase in bicarbonate reabsorption. The bicarbonate moves into peritubular capillaries, where it buffers excess acid.
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Water leaves the renal tubule bya. active transport. d. facilitated diffusion.b. filtration into the capillary network. e. symport.c. osmosis.
Which of the following is, are function of the kidneys?
a. Control plasma volume
b. Control blood pressure
c. Control red blood cell production
d. All of these
1) From the descending limb of the nephron loop a water molecule would next pass into the ______.
A) proximal convoluted tubule
B) glomerulus
C) ascending limb of the nephron loop
D) collecting duct
E) ureter
F) urinary bladder
Chapter 40 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 40 - Prob. 1SQCh. 40 - Body fluids of a marine bony fish have a solute...Ch. 40 - Bowman's capsule, the start of the tubular part of...Ch. 40 - Fluid that enters Bowman's capsule flows directly...Ch. 40 - Prob. 1DAACh. 40 - Prob. 2DAACh. 40 - Prob. 3DAACh. 40 - Prob. 4DAACh. 40 - Blood pressure forces water and small solutes into...Ch. 40 - Kidneys return most of the water and small solutes...
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- Which of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardAs a person ages, nephron tubules lose some of their ability to concentrate urine. What is the effect of this change?arrow_forwardThe afferent arteriole delivers blood to the (a) renal artery (b) efferent arteriole (c) renal vein (d) capillaries of the glomerulus (e) peritubular capillariesarrow_forward
- Blood pressure forces water and small solutes out of blood and into nephrons during ________. a. glomerular filtration c. tubular secretion b. tubular reabsorption d. both a and carrow_forward1. The outer one-third of the kidney is called the A. Medulla B. Minor calyces C. Renal pyramid D. Cortexarrow_forwardFatty tissue holds the kidneys in place. Extremely rapid weight loss may cause this tissue to shrink so that the kidneys slip from their normal position. On rare occasions, the slippage can put a kink in one or both ureters and block urine flow. Suggest what might then happen to the kidneys.arrow_forward
- Match each .structure with a function. _____ ureter a. start of nephron _____ Bowmans capsule b. delivers urine to body surface _____ urethra c. carries urine from kidney to bladder _____ collecting tubules d. secretes ADH _____ glomerulus e. target to aldosterone _____ pituitary gland f. cluster of leaky capillariesarrow_forwardThe glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it ________. a) is impermeable to most substances b) is the site for reabsorption of 99% of the filtrate c) has a blood pressure much higher than other capillaries d) has a basement membranearrow_forwardLong nephron loopsa. are common in animals with access to abundant freshwater.b. allow urine to become concentrated within thecollecting duct.c. are the most common type of nephron loop in humans.d. extend deep into the renal cortex.arrow_forward
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