Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133910605
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 41, Problem 3RQ
Explain the following two statements: Muscles can only actively contract; muscle fibers lengthen passively.
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Explain the following two statements: Muscles can only actively contract; muscle fibers lengthen passively.
Characteristics of smooth muscles fibers
are:
spindle shaped, unbranched, unstriated,
uninucleate and involuntary
spindle shaped, unbranched, multistriated,
uninucleate and involuntary
cylinderical, unbranched, unstriated,
uninucleate and involuntary
Cylindrical, unbranched, striated,
multinucleate and involuntary
Fat cells are characterized by:
affected by starvation
present in adults
they are heat insulator
they have signet ring appearance
abundant mitochondria
Which of the following is not true when comparing slow twitch red and fast twitch white muscle fibers?
Question 2 options:
a)
Red contain more mitochondria than white
b)
Red contain more myoglobin than white
c)
Red contracts more slowly than white
d)
Red contain more glycogen stores than white
Chapter 41 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
Ch. 41.1 - The legs of champion sprinters like Usain Sort...Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 41.1 - White meat or dark? It seems almost everyone has a...Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 41.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 41.1 - Prob. 2TCCh. 41.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 41.1 - explain how the nervous system causes contraction...Ch. 41.2 - describe the similarities and differences between...Ch. 41.2 - compare cardiac and smooth muscle to skeletal...
Ch. 41.3 - As Bolt s and Kimettos athletic feats attest,...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1ETCh. 41.3 - Why are thick, armor like exoskeletons found...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 41.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 41.3 - list and describe the functions of the different...Ch. 41.3 - explain how a bone fracture is repaired and how...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 5CYLCh. 41 - Discuss some of the problems that would result. If...Ch. 41 - The three types of skeletal systems found in...Ch. 41 - Prob. 1MCCh. 41 - Sketch a relaxed muscle fiber containing a...Ch. 41 - Prob. 2ACCh. 41 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 41 - Prob. 2MCCh. 41 - Describe the process of skeletal muscle...Ch. 41 - A skeletal muscle cells is called a(n)__________....Ch. 41 - Prob. 3MCCh. 41 - Explain the following two statements: Muscles can...Ch. 41 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 41 - Prob. 4MCCh. 41 - What are the three types of skeletons found in...Ch. 41 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 41 - Prob. 5MCCh. 41 - Compare the structures of the following pairs:...Ch. 41 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 41 - Explain the functions of osteoblasts and...Ch. 41 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 41 - Describe a hinge joint and how it is moved by...
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- Slow twitch muscle fibers are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: O a) used in endurance type of activities O b) contract rapidly and forcefully Oc) resistant to fatigue O d) have a direct relationship to the oxidative energy systemarrow_forwardMatch the following types of contractions: The stimulus above which no stronger contraction can be elicited, because all motor units are firing in the muscle Determined by alternating motor units of a muscle organ even when the muscle is at rest Continued sustained smooth contraction due to rapid stimulation The situation in which contractions become stronger due to stimulation before complete relaxation occurs How a smooth increase in muscle force is produced [Choose] [Choose ] [Choose] [Choose] [Choose]arrow_forwardSkeletal muscle fibres are very metabolically active and are adapted to create a lot of ATP from aerobic cellular respiration. Additionally, cells require other things to stay alive. Explain how the following three organ systems contribute to allowing a muscle cell to carry out its roles: a) Respiratory system b) Cardiovascular system c) Gastrointestinal system asap please.arrow_forward
- Skeletal muscle cells undergo contractions based on a molecular mechanism involving: 1)the sliding of actin and myosin filaments past each other without any change in filament length 2) the shortening of actin filaments following direct interaction with myosin 3) dynamic instability of microtubules 4)nonearrow_forwardDistinguish between skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle in terms of location and whether they have sarcomeres. Use the sliding filament model to draw how thin filaments, thick filaments, and Z lines move during muscle contraction. Predict how perturbations of acetylcholine release, reception, or breakdown will influence muscle contraction. Predict how perturbations of actin, troponin, tropomyosin, myosin, or calcium would influence muscle contraction. Distinguish between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Predict how changes in stress levels or situations would affect activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and blood pressure.arrow_forwardIndicate which of the following are true. Chronically shortened muscles will lose sarcomeres in series in order to maintain ideal amounts of myofilament overlap. Contractile force is proportional to the length of a muscle. Muscle organ contraction is all or nothing. Muscle cells are surrounded by an endomysium. Actin is the thick filament and Z-lines are where the cross-bridges zig-zag to adjacent actin filaments. Muscles with fewer motor units are weaker, i.e., capable of less force. A nerve impulse, calcium, and ATP are necessary for muscle contraction. Tendons attach bones to bones and help to limit the range of motion at joints. Muscle tissue is very dynamic and will respond to chronic stress by becoming stronger (making more myofilaments), chronic contraction by becoming shorter (losing sarcomeres in series), and stretching by becoming longer (adding sarcomeres in series). Myofilaments are actually long strands of proteins.arrow_forward
- Discuss some of the differences, and similarities if any, of smooth muscle contraction compared to skeletal muscle contraction.arrow_forwardList TWO (2) differences between smooth muscle contraction and skeletal muscle contraction.arrow_forwardTwo skeletal muscles A and B contain 1000 and 200 individual muscle fibers respectively. Muscle A has 10 motor units each consisting of one motor neuron and 100 muscle fibers. Muscle B has 20 motor units and each consisting of 10 muscle fibers and one motor neuron. Which muscle can produce a wider range of forces?arrow_forward
- Skeletal muscle is described as striated. What are the lighter, thinner stripes noted under the microscope? Group of answer choices troponin actin myosin dystrophin Rather than innervating individual muscle fibers, motor neurons often innervate two or more muscle fibers. The motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates are together called a: Group of answer choices motor unit myofibril muscle fascicle motor fascia Fast glycolytic muscle fibers allow for relatively quick ATP energy production by splitting glucose (but eventually leads to fatigue), a process described as: Group of answer choices fermentation aerobic pathway anaerobic pathway ATP reserve usearrow_forwardDescribe in details the biochemical and mechanochemical series of events that enables motor neurons to trigger muscle contraction, using the biceps brachii as an example.arrow_forwardDescribe the three steps (in detail) and the regions where these steps occur required for a skeletal muscle contraction to occur. Diagram(s) is (are) encouraged.arrow_forward
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