(a)
To determine: Whether the “Influx of
Introduction: Signal transduction in neurons depends upon the resting potential of the membrane of the neuron. Signals are sent by a wave of depolarization. This wave of polarization develops only when depolarization potential is more than the threshold potential. This potential is termed as action potential of the membrane.
(b)
To determine: Whether the “
Introduction: Signal transduction in neurons depends upon the resting potential of the membrane of the neuron. Signals are sent by a wave of depolarization. This wave of polarization develops only when depolarization potential is more than the threshold potential. This potential is termed as action potential of the membrane.
(c)
To determine: Whether the “
Introduction: Signal transduction in neurons depends upon the resting potential of the membrane of the neuron. Signals are sent by a wave of depolarization. This wave of polarization develops only when depolarization potential is more than the threshold potential. This potential is termed as action potential of the membrane
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 41 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
- Distinguish between excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) and inhibitory post-synaptic potential (IPSP). Which pushes the cell closer to threshold? Which pushes away from threshold and can hyperpolarize? What gates achieve this? Distinguish between temporal and special summationarrow_forwardYou observe that a neuron treated with a metabolic inhibitor which prevents ATP generation still can generate action potentials even when the cell has little ATP, but the neuron eventually loses the ability to generate action potentials. What does this tell you about the direct mechanism for regenerating the resting potential after an action potential?arrow_forwardThe extracellular sodium [Na+]0 is reduced in the saline bath. Following another current injection in a neuron, the membrane potential changes were recorded. a) Why has the membrane potential changed following the Na+ reduction? b) Why has the current injection produced no action potentials? c) How might you experimentally rescue action potential generation?arrow_forward
- Suppose you placed an isolated neuron in a solution similar toextracellular fluid and later transferred the neuron to a solution lackingany sodium ions. What change would you expect in the resting potential?arrow_forwardSuppose you stimulate an axon so that you generate an actionpotential at both ends at the same instant. Describe thepropagation of these action potentials. What happens when theymeet?arrow_forwardWhat effect would you expect an antagonist that targets the voltage sensing domain of perisynaptic calcium channels of an inhibitory interneuron have on the firing frequency of a finically active neuron that interneuron synapses onto? Explain in detailsarrow_forward
- The axon hillock of a neuron reaches the threshold of excitation and the membrane potential becomes completely reversed. Then, suddenly, the membrane potential begins to return to resting membrane potential. What is the event that triggers this return to resting potential? A. Na+ channels close in a voltage-dependent manner B. Na+ channels close in a time-dependent manner C. Na+ channels close in a chemically-dependent manner D. Na+ channels open in a voltage-dependent mannerarrow_forwardDraw a typical action potential (correctly label axis) and explain in words the roles of ion channels in generating the different phases of the action potential. (Extra credit: How would opening voltage gated calcium channels upon depolarization affect the shape of the action potential if they have a relatively slow inactivation rate?)arrow_forwardImagine you are studying the activity of neurons in a mouse that is awake and interacting with other mice. If you knew that an excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) occurred, you _______ predict whether it would increase or decrease the likelihood of a particular behavior The neurons you are studying could be releasing ___________ because it is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain that generally depolarizes postsynaptic neurons. If you wanted to study what happens when neurons are unable to make this particular neurotransmitter you could use ___________, which is a method that prevents your gene of interest from being translated. Group of answer choices A) Could not; GABA; Electron microscopy B) Could; Glutamate; Anterograde tracing C) Could; GABA; Immunohistochemistry D) Could not; Glutamate; Antisense oligonucleotidesarrow_forward
- Excitatory neurons A and B both synapse with neuron C. Neuron A releasesa neurotransmitter, and neuron B releases the same type and amount ofneurotransmitter plus a neuromodulator that produces EPSPs in neuron C.Action potentials produced in neuron A alone can result in action potentialproduction in neuron C. Action potentials produced in neuron B alone alsocan cause action potential production in neuron C. Which results in moreaction potentials in neuron C, stimulation by only neuron A or stimulationby only neuron B? Explain.arrow_forwardAction potentials and graded potentials both…A) Propagate long distances through neural structures, without attenuation in their amplitude.B) Can directly excite or inhibit neurons.C) Can propagate at speeds of up to 120 meters per second.D) Involve voltage-gated Nav and Kv channels.E) Are capable of triggering synaptic exocytosis in neurons of the vertebrate retinaarrow_forwardWould anyone be able to explain these different channels? I would like an explanation as to why voltage gated membranes are associated with axon membranes (although it's prob because of membrane potential differences and depolarization/hyperpolarization?), why ligand gated channels are primarily at synapses (via neurotransmitters?), etc.arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning