To review:
The manner in which various stimuli are perceived as different in the central nervous system, as all sensory receptors send signals in a similar manner.
Introduction:
Sensory receptors are located in sense organs and are responsible for detecting stimulus. A stimulus is any change in the environment, be it chemical, physical, or mechanical. The stimulus is perceived by sensory organs and results in generation of receptor potential. The receptors send signals to the brain, which interprets the data and sends signals to motor organs that proceed accordingly. The brain, a part of central nervous system (CNS), is an important organ and all information is primarily passed to CNS, except for reflex actions.
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Chapter 41 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- Name six categories of sensory receptors and the type of stimulus that each type detects.arrow_forwardWhich of the special senses is based on the following events? Membrane vibrations cause fluid movements, which lead to bending of mechanoreceptors and firing of action potentials. a. taste b. smell c. hearing d. visionarrow_forwardMatch each of the following terms with the appropriate description. _____ somatic senses (general senses)a.produced by strong stimulation _____ special sensesb.endings of sensory neurons or specialized cells next to them _____ variations in stimulus intensity _____ action potentialc.taste, smell, hearing, balance, and vision _____ sensory receptord.frequency and number of action potentials e.touch, pressure, temperature, pain, and muscle sensearrow_forward
- A sensory system is composed of __________. a. nerve pathways from specific receptors to the brain b. sensory receptors c. brain regions that deal with sensory information d. all of the abovearrow_forwardHow do somatic sensations differ from special senses?arrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/DanielleReed) to learn about Dr. Danielle Reed of the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, PA, who became interested in science at an early age because of her sensory experiences. She recognized that her sense of taste was unique compared with other people she knew. Now, she studies the genetic differences between people and their sensitivities to taste stimuli. In the video, there is a brief image of a person sticking out their tongue, which has been covered with a colored dye. This is how Dr. Reed is able to visualize and count papillae on the surface of the tongue. People fall into two large groups known as tasters and non-tasters on the basis of the density of papillae on their tongue, which also indicates the number of taste buds. Non-tasters can taste food, but they are not as sensitive to certain tastes, such as bitterness. Dr. Reed discovered that she is a non-taster, which explains why she perceived bitterness differently than other people she knew. Are you very sensitive to tastes? Can you see any similarities among the members of your family?arrow_forward
- ___ is defined as a decrease in the response to an ongoing stimulus. a. Perception b. Visual accommodation c. Sensory adaptiltion d. Somatic sensationarrow_forwardJill is diagnosed with sensorineural deafness, a disorder in which sound waves are transmitted normally to the inner ear but they are not translated into neural signals that travel to the brain. Sometimes the cause is a problem with the auditory nerve, but in Jills case it has to do with a problem in the inner ear itself. Where in the inner ear is the disruption most likely to be located?arrow_forwardSome sensory receptors, such as those for taste, smell, and pressure, readilyundergo the process of sensory adaptation,or decreased response to a stimulus. In contrast, receptors for pain are less prone to adaptation. Why does this make good biological sense? What do you think happens to children who are born without the ability to feel pain normally?arrow_forward
- What are the similarities in how receptive fields are represented by the nervous system? What advantage does this give us with respect to senses?arrow_forwardReceptor cells that are neurons with sensory dendrites are faster than receptor cells that are separate from neurons. Why is that, and why might that be important in, for example, the sense of touch versus vision?arrow_forwardWhat are the five senses of the human body? Why are human brains the biggest?arrow_forward
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