Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 41.2, Problem 3CC
WHAT IF? Consider a grassland with five trophic levels: grasses, mice, snakes, raccoons, and bobcats. If you released additional bobcats into the grassland, how would grass biomass change if the bottom-up model applied? If the top-down model applied? Explain.
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Chapter 41 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 41.1 - Explain how interspecific competition, predation,...Ch. 41.1 - According to the principle of competitive...Ch. 41.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Figure 22.13 illustrates how a...Ch. 41.2 - What two components contribute to species...Ch. 41.2 - How is a food chain different from a food web?Ch. 41.2 - WHAT IF? Consider a grassland with five trophic...Ch. 41.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Rising atmospheric CO2 levels...Ch. 41.3 - Why do high and low levels of disturbance usually...Ch. 41.3 - During succession, how might the early species...Ch. 41.3 - WHAT IF? Most prairies experience regular fires,...
Ch. 41.4 - Describe two hypotheses that explain why species...Ch. 41.4 - Describe how an islands size and distance from the...Ch. 41.4 - WHAT IF? Based on MacArthur and Wilsons island...Ch. 41.5 - What are pathogens?Ch. 41.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 41 - The feeding relationships among the species in a...Ch. 41 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 41 - Community 1 contains 100 individuals distributed...Ch. 41 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 41 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY An ecologist studying plants in...Ch. 41 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Explain why adaptations of...Ch. 41 - FOCUS ON INFORMATION In Bateslan mimicry, a...Ch. 41 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Describe two types of...
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- WHAT IF? Most prairies experience regular fires, typically every few years. If these disturbances were relativelymodest, how would the species diversity of a prairielikely be affected if no burning occurred for 100 years?Explain your answerarrow_forwardWHAT IF? Suppose a scientist finds that a populationof plants growing in a breezy location is more prone toherbivory by insects than a population of the samespecies growing in a sheltered area. Suggest a hypothesisto account for this observation.arrow_forwardWHAT IF? Suppose a developer proposes to clear-cuta forest that serves as a corridor between two parks. Tocompensate, the developer also proposes to add the samearea of forest to one of the parks. As a professional ecologist, how might you argue for retaining the corridor?arrow_forward
- WHAT IF? Type “personal ecological footprint calculator”into a search engine and use one of the resulting calculators to estimate your footprint. Is your current lifestyle sustainable? If not, what choices can you make to influenceyour own ecological footprint?arrow_forwardWHAT IF? Predict how the results would change if water samples weredrawn from areas where new duck farms had greatly increased the amountof pollution in the water. Explain.arrow_forwardFood Web Construction Directions: Construct a food web using the following organisms (grass,leaves,owl, snake,grasshopper,hawk,bird,caterpillar,rabbit) Use Words to Construct. And answer the question that follow 1What is/are the producer(s) in the food web? 2What organism(s) feed directly on plants? 3What is/are the secondary consumer(s) in the food web? 4What is/are the tertiary consumer(s) in the food web?arrow_forward
- 5. Trophic level transfer efficiency is related to population turnover rate in agricultural pests. There are 15g/m2 of locust (herbivorous insect) per 1000g/m2 of wheat (primary producer) and 4g/m2 of cutworms (herbivorous insect) per 200g/m2 of corn (primary producer). __________ have the largest population turnover rate and __________ have the biggest impact on crops. a. locust, both b. locust, cutworms c. cutworms, cutworms d. both, both e. cutworms, locustarrow_forwardQuestiion: A given ecosystem has the following amounts of energy available at each trophic level: Primary producers: 3,000 gC/m2/day; Primary consumers: 450 gC/m2/day; Secondary consumers: 45 gC/m2/day; Tertiary consumers: 2.25 gC/m2/day. Does this ecosystem follow Lindeman’s Law for ecological efficiency? A- No, the average efficiency is 20% B- Yes, the average efficiency is 20% C- Yes, the average efficiency is 10% D- No, the average efficiency is 10%arrow_forwardConstruct a biomass pyramid for the following hypothetical scenario. Be sure to include all four trophic levels in the pyramid, and provide the total biomass of living things found at each level. Be sure to include units, and label each trophic level. The shape of your pyramid should be based on the biomass of each trophic level. Levels with more biomass should be drawn wider, and levels with less biomass should be drawn thinner. Note that your biomass pyramid may or may not be a true pyramid. Scenario: Hickory Run Nature Reserve is a 150-acre conservation area filled with plants and animals native to the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. A baseline study was done to determine the total biomass of producers and consumers living on the reserve. Baseline data will be compared to data collected in future years to determine trends in species accumulation or loss. This comparison is important because the region surrounding the reserve is experiencing a high rate of human development…arrow_forward
- The average efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is 10%. Use this efficiency to determine how much phytoplankton mass is required to add just 1 gram (0.04 ounce) of new mass to a killer whale, which is a third-level or top carnivore. Create a diagram that summarizes the different trophic levels and the relative size and abundance of organisms at each level. How would your answer change if the efficiency were half the average rate? Twice the average rate?arrow_forward1.What does the shape of the energy pyramid indicate? If Humans occupy the top level in an energy pyramid, what that this indicate? 2. What does primary productivity measure? What does it tell you about an ecosystem? Explain your answer and provide example Is this beneficial or not beneficial to man? Explain your answer. 3. What ecological concept is being shown in this graph? In what area can we apply this concept? Explain your answer and provide examples. 4. . Discuss how the transcending functions are associated with the integrative levels of organization in Ecology.arrow_forwardTransfer of energy problem solving: Let us assign some values to the energy that flows in each trophic level. Assuming that the amount of energy that reaches a one (1) hectare of farmland is 10 million kcal/year. 1.4 What is the available energy to the quaternary consumer if the tertiary consumer had eaten 40 % of the stored energy in the secondary consumer? 2.3. How much energy is available to the tertiary consumer if the secondary consumer had eaten 30 % of the energy stored in the herbivore?arrow_forward
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