Concept explainers
Survey: Medical Tests Diagnostic tests of medical conditions can have several types of results. The test result can be positive or negative, whether or not a patient has the condition. A positive test (+) indicates that the patient has the condition. A negative test (−) indicates that the patient does not have the condition. Remember, a positive test does not prove that the patient has the condition. Additional medical work may be required. Consider a random sample of 200 patients, some of whom have a medical condition and some of whom do not. Results of a new diagnostic test for the condition are shown.
Assume the sample is representative of the entire population. For a person selected at random, compute the following probabilities:
- (a) P(+ | condition present); this is known as the sensitivity of a test.
- (b) P(− | condition present); this is known as the false-negative rate.
- (c) P(− | condition absent); this is known as the specificity of a test.
- (d) P(+ | condition absent); this is known as the false-positive rate.
- (e) P(condition present and +); this is the predictive value of the test.
- (f) P(condition present and −).
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Understandable Statistics: Concepts and Methods
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