Chapter 4.2, Problem 53E

To determine

To identify the explanatory and response variables, the experimental units and the treatments.

Answer to Problem 53E

The consumption of fruits and the candies is the explanatory variable and the later food consumption by the people is the response variable and the twelve women assigned are the experimental units and $65$ calories of candies or $65$ calories of berries given and after that the pasta given to everyone are the treatments.

Explanation of Solution

In the study, the researchers are trying to find out that can sacking on fruits rather than candies reduces later consumption of food or not. Thus, we came to know that the consumption of fruits and the candies are the independent variable whereas the later food consumption by the people is the dependent variable as it is dependent on whether people have eaten the candies or fruits. It concludes that the consumption of fruits and the candies is the explanatory variable and the later food consumption by the people is the response variable. And the subjects on which the experiment is conducted are the experimental units. In this case, the twelve women assigned are the experimental units on which the experiment is done. Now, the treatments are what is imposed onto the subjects. Thus, in this case $65$ calories of candies or $65$ calories of berries given and after that the pasta given to everyone are the treatments used.