Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 42.1, Problem 1CSC
Summary Introduction
To explain: The way in which reproductive structures and hormones function in the reproductive systems of mammals.
Introduction: Reproduction is a process through which a new individual is produced. Reproduction can be sexual and asexual. Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes, and the offspring is produced from a single parent and inherit the genetics of that parent only.
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In seahorses, males incubate and care for offspring. Thus, the males are more likely to be tied up in reproduction at any point in time relative to females. Which sex do you predict will be the choosey sex in this species and why?
Males -- because fewer are available to mate
Males – because male-male competition is incredibly strong
Females – because sperm are cheap to produce
Female – because the operational sex ratio is biased in their favor
The sperm of chimpanzees have faster swimming speeds than those of gorillas. Based on what you know about sperm competition, what would you predict about differences between these two species in female re-mating frequency and sperm viability?
In chimps, females mate only once and sperm are viable for only a day
In chimps, females mate multiply and sperm live for a long time
In chimps, females mate only one, and sperm live for a long time
In chimps, females mate multiply, and sperm live for only a day
Which of the following sexual traits is…
In honey bees, males are developed parthenogenetically while workers are developed after sexual reproduction. The workers exhibit more similarity among themselves as compared to the queen. If the workers start giving organism parthenogenetically then the offspring would most likely resemble:
A. Among themselves and with mother
B. Among themselves and with queen
C. Among themselves and with father
D. Among themselves and slightly differ from mother
In seahorses, males incubate and care for offspring. Thus, the males are more likely to be tied up in reproduction at any point in time relative to females. Which sex do you predict will be the choosey sex in this species and why?
Males -- because fewer are available to mate
Males – because male-male competition is incredibly strong
Females – because sperm are cheap to produce
Female – because the operational sex ratio is biased in their favor
Chapter 42 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 42.1 - Prob. 2TCCh. 42.1 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 42.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 42.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 42.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 42.2 - Mammalian sperm dont live very long after...Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 42.2 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 42.2 - describe the human male and female reproductive...
Ch. 42.2 - explain how hormonal interactons control...Ch. 42.2 - describe spermatogenesis and oogenesis, the...Ch. 42.3 - In 2017, scientists used CRISPR Cas9 DNA editing...Ch. 42.3 - describe the principal methods of contraception,...Ch. 42.3 - Prob. 2CTCh. 42 - In humans, sperm are produced in the a....Ch. 42 - In humans, fertilization usually occurs in the a....Ch. 42 - Prob. 3MCCh. 42 - Prob. 4MCCh. 42 - Prob. 5MCCh. 42 - Reproduction by a single animal, without the need...Ch. 42 - In mammals, the male gonad is called...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 42 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 42 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 42 - Oocytes develop in a multicellular structure, the...Ch. 42 - Describe the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 42 - Compare the structures of the egg and sperm. What...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3RQCh. 42 - List the structures, in order, through which a...Ch. 42 - Name the three accessory glands of the male...Ch. 42 - Prob. 6RQCh. 42 - Prob. 1AC
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- Some animals in captivity have reproduced without the need for a mate in a process called parthenogenesis. Examples include boas, pythons, bonnethead sharks, and komodo dragons. Initially, scientists thought this occurred because the animals were kept in optimal conditions for reproduction, but lacked access to a mate. However, scientists were surprised to discover that some species in the wild with access to mates also reproduce through parthenogenesis. An example is the pit-viper. Compare and contrast the processes of asexual reproduction through parthenogenesis and sexual reproduction for an animal such as the python. Describe the processes of i. asexual reproduction through parthenogenesis ii. sexual reproduction 2. Describe two pros and two cons of each form of reproduction. Explain each one.arrow_forwardUsing this information, how do I figure out the answer to question1? INTRODUCTION In most species of Drosophila, a female mating with a single male usually supplies sufficient sperm to fertilize her lifetime supply of eggs. Moreover, mating is often costly to female flies. So why do females of some species mate more than once? Perhaps they do this to assess the quality of males and/or the sperm males produce via sperm competition. Tom Price, Nina Wedell, and their colleagues at the University of Exeter provide evidence for the sperm competition hypothesis. They show multiple mating increases in frequency when a selfish genetic element that reduces sperm quality is prevalent. In Drosophila, females are XX and males are XY. They normally occur in equal numbers. In D. pseudoobscura, males that harbor the X-linked selfish genetic element sex ratio (SR) have produced nearly all female progeny, as SR sabotages Y-bearing sperm. The SR element gains a tremendous transmission advantage but…arrow_forward''At different stages of embryonic development,the same signals are used over and over again by differentcells, but with different biological outcomes.'' Explain why or why not.arrow_forward
- In honey bees, males are developed parthenogenetically while workers are developed after sexual reproduction. The workers exhibit more similarity among themselves as compared to the queen. If the workers start giving organism parthenogenetically then the offspring would most likely resemble: Among themselves and with mother Among themselves and with queen Among themselves and with father 4. Among themselves and slightly differ from motherarrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about sex determination in mammals? Choose all possible answers. a.) The conversion of the genital ridge into the bipotential gonad requires the Sf1, Wt1, and Lhx9 transcription factors. b.) Even if one of the transcription factors mentioned in choice a (Sf1, Wt1, and Lhx9) will lose its function, the normal development of either male or female gonads will still push through. c.) Sry protein binds to the enhancer of the Sox9 gene and elevates expression of this key gene in the ovary-determining pathway. d.) β-catenin functions to initiate the ovarian pathway of development by activating the genes involved in granulosa cell differentiation. e.) Sf1 protein prevents the production of Sox9.arrow_forwardFemale mammals undergo continuous reproductive cycles during their reproductive life. In the sense of offspring production, what is the benefit of these continuous cycles?arrow_forward
- The purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) and a sympatric species known as the red sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) release their gametes into the Pacific Ocean at the same time, but the sperm cells of each species fail to fertilize the egg cells of the other species due to different membrane proteins. This prevention of interspecific fertilization in sea urchins is: a post-zygotic barrier known as F1 hybrid inviability a pre-zygotic barrier known as habitat isolation a post-zygotic barrier known as F1 hybrid sterility a pre-zygotic barrier known as gamete isolation a pre-zygotic barrier known as temporal isolationarrow_forwardIf you add a chemical to an egg cell that prevents the fast and slow blocks from occurring but does not prevent the receptor proteins from interacting with sperm recognition proteins, which of the following will happen Group of answer choices A. All sperm would be able to enter the egg b. No sperm would be able to enter the egg c. Polyspermy by the same species would be possible but sperm of different species would be blocked d. Only sperm from different species would be able to enter the eggarrow_forwardAll physiological mechanisms are directed towards reproductive success in female. Do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer with examples.arrow_forward
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The Human Reproductive System; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TucxiIB76bo;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY