Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 42.1, Problem 2TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Behavior can be described as an act of reaction produced by an organism in a particular circumstance. It can be inherited or acquired by the organism on the basis of its lifetime experience.
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Which of the following is true of innate behaviors that are described as instincts? A. Instincts aren’t governed by genetics, while innate behaviors are, B. Instincts are governed by genetics, while innate behaviors are not, C. Instincts are sudden, situational behaviors, D. Instincts are complex series of innate behaviors
In what type of learning does an animal learns to associate one of its own behaviors with a positive or negative effect.?
Group of answer choices
Social learning
Problem solving
Habituation
Spatial learning
Associative learning
The idea that behavior must be either innate or learned has been called a “nature versus nurture” controversy. What reasons are there for believing that such a strict dichotomy does not exist?
Chapter 42 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.1 - Prob. 1BCCh. 42.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 42.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 42.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 42.2 - Most terrestrial mammals are nocturnal. This means...Ch. 42.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 42.3 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 42.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 42.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 42.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 42.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 42 - Prob. 1TYCh. 42 - Prob. 2TYCh. 42 - Prob. 3TYCh. 42 - Prob. 4TYCh. 42 - Prob. 5TYCh. 42 - Prob. 6TYCh. 42 - Prob. 7TYCh. 42 - Prob. 8TYCh. 42 - Prob. 9TYCh. 42 - Prob. 10TYCh. 42 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 42 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 42 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 42 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 42 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Which of the following is LEAST consistent with how behavior tends to evolve? Changes to underlying neural mechanisms, such as neurotransmitter receptors that affect motivation, can result in major changes in behavioral phenotypes Tweaks to the developmental process, such as play or learning, can cause evolutionary divergence in behavior Changes in the properties of sensory receptors can shift preferences and choices Variation in the gene for a given behavior results in population divergence Why are there biases in learning processes? The initial neural structure underlying learning may not allow every possible learned association Some cues are more likely than others to be associated with particular things, which has shaped the evolution of neural networks that represent the world Reducing the range of possible things a brain can learn can be one way to reduce the costs of learning All of the abovearrow_forwardOne of the simplest forms of learning is________ ,defined as a decline in response to a(n) _____, harmless stimulus. A different type of learning in which an animal’s nervous system is rigidly programmed to learn a certain behavior during a certain period in its life is called________. The time frame during which such learning occurs is called the______ .arrow_forwardA Gelada baboon gives a warning cry that a predator is approaching so other members of its population could run away. This behavior is an example of innate behavior. survival of the fittest. altruistic behavior. dominant hierarchical behavior. imprinted behavior. A stickleback fish will attack a fish model as long as the model has red coloring. What term best applies to this behavior? Fixed Action Pattern habituation imprinting associative learning problem solving Which of the following is least related to the others? fighting over a mate territorial behavior Dominance heirarchy cognitive maps agonistic behaviorarrow_forward
- Defense of an area where important resources for survival are located is termed appeasement. kinesis. passive behavior. aggression behavior territorial behavior. Choose the true statement about innate behaviors from the list: Innate behaviors tend to vary considerably among members of a population. Innate behaviors occur in invertebrates and some vertebrates but not in mammals. Innate behaviors are expressed in most individuals in a population across a wide range of environmental conditions. Genes have very little influence on the expression of innate behaviors. Innate behaviors are limited to invertebrate animals. In different species, there are sometimes very sensitive periods in their lives when a particular behavior or skill needs to be learned. This is called classical conditioning. altruism. fixed action behavior.…arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not describe a function of aggressive animal behavior? A. Aggressive behavior leads to fights that allow strong animals kill off weaker members of the species. B. Aggressive behavior is displayed to establish hierarchy without violence. C. Aggressive behavior is displayed to establish territorial boundaries. D. Aggressive behavior is displayed to determine who is allowed to mate.arrow_forwardWhich form of conditioning is used most for behavior modification? Why does this form work better? Why would Classical Conditioning help someone in their daily life functioning? Which form of conditioning would you most likely see in a classroom setting? Create your own examples of each form of conditioning. Be sure to include the following information in your answer. In addressing classical conditioning: Identify UCS, UCR, NS, CS, and CR. Discuss any stimulus generalization that you observed. Discuss any extinction and spontaneous that occurred. In addressing operant conditioning: Identify negative and positive reinforcements and punishments. Label the schedule of reinforcement or punishment.arrow_forward
- Some insects, when attacked, will release a chemical that will cause other members of their species to become aggressive or fly. These chemicals are called pheromones. hormones. enzymes. toxins A scientist is researching behavior in a certain species of bird. The scientist realizes that by providing a certain stimulus only during a specific stage in early life will cause the baby birds to think he is their mother. This behavior by the baby birds is called innate imprinting. fixed action behavior. social learning Which of the following statements is (are) true of fixed action patterns? They are highly stereotyped, instinctive behaviors. They are triggered by sign stimuli in the environment and, once begun, are continued to completion. An inappropriate stimulus can sometimes trigger them. A and B only A, B, and Carrow_forwardDuring mating season, males of certain species will perform displays of aggression toward other males when approached while they are courting a female. This type of behavior is an example of altruistic behavior agonistic behavior fixed action pattern polygamous behavior predatory behavior The capacity to make changes in behavior on the basis of experience is known as a fixed action. learning. habituation. conditioning. Which of the following statements is not true concerning the optimal foraging theory? forager tries to maximize the energy gained forager tries to minimize the energy expended forager secures essential nutrients forager tries to minimize the risk of getting eaten while gathering food forager contributes to the growth of its population by gathering foodarrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of a behavioral adaptation? A. flamingo's feathers turn pink after eating crustaceans. B. A snowshoe hare turns white in the winter. C. A robin builds a nest out of sticks and dry grass. D. A Komodo dragon has a poisonous bite.arrow_forward
- Describe and give an example of a dominance hierarchy. What role does it play in social behavior? Give a human parallel, and describe its role in human society. Are the two roles similar? Why or why not? Repeat this exercise for territorial behavior in humans and in another animal.arrow_forward___ ___ ___s are programmed behaviors in response to environmental stimuli.arrow_forwardDistinguish between proximate and ultimate causes of behavior and apply theconcepts of ultimate cause and cost–benefit analysis to decide whether a particularbehavior is adaptive.arrow_forward
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