BIOLOGY (LL)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781264115495
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 42.3, Problem 2CS
Summary Introduction
To sketch: The graph showing a change in the potential of a neuron when it simultaneously receives a strong depolarizing and equally strong hyperpolarizing stimulus or a strong depolarizing and a weak hyperpolarizing stimulus.
Introduction: Nerves carry the messages from the central nervous system to the muscles and other organs. The messages are carried by the nerves in the form of electrical impulses. The signals that reach the cell body stimulate the neuron to generate its own signal in the form of the action potential and relay it to the next neuron or the effector organs. Na+ and K+ play a significant role in the development of the action potential across the membrane.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Subject: Neurophysiology
The neuron for this experiment is in a bath with [K+] = 2 mM and [Na+] = 150 mM.
Calculate the Nernst Equilibrium potential for each ion.
What is your estimate for the gNa and for gK? If you are more comfortable, use PNa and PK. Remember, these values should be between 0 and 1.
What is the resting membrane potential for this cell?
Draw an action potential for this neuron in this solution. Keep in mind that this neuron is in unusual solutions. Label each axis and indicate inward and outward currents. Be absolutely certain to label the peak voltage and threshold for the AP!
Summarize neuron communication from the moment of receptor stimulation to the response of an effector, such as a muscle fiber, and define neurotransmitter, resting membrane potential, and current.
Define electrochemical gradients and the term “polarized”, and describe the electrochemical basis of the resting membrane potential including the function of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential.
Describe graded potentials including hyperpolarizing and depolarizing graded potentials.
Describe action potentials (nerve impulses) including:
Thresholds
All-or-none principle
Phases of action potential generation
Refractory period
Q:Let w= 4,p= 2 and b =-2 with f radial basis, what is the single neuron output?
f=e(-n²) =e-(4*2+(-2))²=e-(6)²= 2.31952E-16
%3D
Chapter 42 Solutions
BIOLOGY (LL)
Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CSCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - What key prior observation led Loewi to develop...Ch. 42.4 - CoreSKILL The results of Loewis experiment...Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 3EQCh. 42 - Prob. 1TY
Ch. 42 - Prob. 2TYCh. 42 - The myelin sheath a. is produced by neurons in the...Ch. 42 - Prob. 4TYCh. 42 - Prob. 5TYCh. 42 - Which of the following contribute(s) to the...Ch. 42 - Prob. 7TYCh. 42 - Prob. 8TYCh. 42 - Prob. 9TYCh. 42 - Prob. 10TYCh. 42 - Prob. 1CQCh. 42 - Prob. 2CQCh. 42 - Prob. 3CQCh. 42 - Describe the difference between an electrical...Ch. 42 - Prob. 2COQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- voltmeter microelectrode electrode Giant squid axon A voltmeter was used to measure the potential difference across the cell membrane of a giant squid axon. Which of the following best explains the voltmeter reading? Select one: a. The threshold potential has not been reached. b. The sodium potassium exchange pumps are working to take out the sodium ions and bring in the potassium ions. c. The potassium ions have rushed out of the axon, and the potassium channels are slow to shut down. d. The sodium ions have rushed into the axon, and the sodium channels are closing.arrow_forwardmembrane potential -70mV time Which of the statements below describe a situation in which the change in membrane potential above could cause the firing of an action potential? Select all that apply. If the potential is counteracted by an IPSP. If the neuron is in the relative refractory period. If the potential is strong enough to bring the axon hillock to threshold. If the potential is supplemented by a simultaneous (or near- simultaneous) EPSP.arrow_forwardInhibitory post synaptic membrane potential - Data Cl- Cl- Nr of GABA inside Max Postsynaptic Voltage (mV) outside receptors 140 20 hel-89- 00 140 20 - 34.428 140 40 - ףQLL-b Questions 11. What is an IPSP? 12. GABA receptors on the postsynaptic neuron function as ion channels for which ion? 13. Based on the data collected, when is it more possible for an action potential to occur? When the intracellular Cl- concentration in the postsynaptic neuron increases or when the number of GABA receptors on the postsynaptic membrane increases? 14. Explainarrow_forward
- What happens to membrane potential during manipulation 4 in the attached figure (Figure 4.13 of the textbook)? 1 Efflux of Nat Nat efflux (logarithmic scale) 0 3 Recovery when K+ is restored 2 Nat efflux reduced by removal of external K 50 100 4 Efflux decreased by metabolic inhibitors, such as dinitrophenol, which block ATP synthesis 150 Time (min) 200 5 Recovery when ATP is restored " I 250 TATI 122 O Membrane potential does not change, because the Na+-K+ ATPase does not contribute to membrane potential. O Membrane potential is hyperpolarized, because the Na+-K+ ATPase is electrogenic and hyperpolarizes membrane potential when it is active. O Membrane potential is depolarized, because the Na+-K+ ATPase is electrogenic and hyperpolarizes membrane potential when it is active. 300arrow_forwardPARTICIPATION ACTIVITY: For each toxic effect below, use your knowledge of the phases of an action potential to determine which image most likely corresponds with that effects of that toxin. A “quiz-like" link will be posted on Canvas after lecture today for you to upload your responses. Due by 11:59 pm tonight via Canvas. No visible effect or the action potentia of a typical neuron A C Effect of the Toxin Toxin C A B Letter 30 30 10 10 Delayed closing of the voltage-gated sodium channels after opening -10 -10 -30 -30 -50 Toxin A -50 Prevents voltage-gated sodium Toxin B -70 -70 -90 channels from opening when stimulated -90 4 6. 8 10 10 Time (ms) Time (ms) Causes voltage-gated potassium channels to open even without a 30 30 voltage stimulus Prevents the voltage-gated calcium 10 10 -10 -10 -30 -30 Toxin C -50 Toxin D -50 channels from opening when stimulated -70 -70 -90 4 6. 10 4 6 8 10 Time (ms) Time (ms) Prevents the voltage-gated potassium channels from opening when stimulated Hint:…arrow_forwardPatch clamp recording of a single ion channel yields the following results: Holding Potential (mV) Measured Current (pA) -100 -1.0 -50 0.0 0 +1.0 +50 +2.0 +100 +3.0 part a.) Calculate the membrane potential at the instant when a neuron has the following relative permeabilities: PK+ = 1.0, PNa+ = 1.0, PCl- = 1.0. Use the ionic concentration values in the picture included. a.) -12 mv b.) -35mv c.) -60 mv d.) +20 mv e.) 0 mv part b.) What would be the equilibrium potential for K+ in neurons under such circumstances? a.) -11 mv b.) +30 mv c.) +75 mv d.) -35 mv e.) 0 mv part c.) What would be the new resting potential, discounting the effects of non-gated chloride channels (just give an approximate value – no calculation is necessary)? a.) about +20 to +25 mV b.) about -30 to -40 mV c.) about +1 to +5 mV d.) close to ENa+ e.) about -10 to -15 mVarrow_forward
- Describe in detail how movement of ions causes a neuron to fire . Make sure to include how membrane potential is changed and which specific ions are moving in what directions to cause the firing .arrow_forwardRemaining Time: 1 hour, 16 minutes, 05 seconds. Qu B BIUS Paragraph V Arial P 田 心田 V 10pt X2 X2 # A = K7 ヒン V V V A V V T +] ABC V r T " Π 99 Ω € + QUESTION 27 What is the correct time-span for each stage in the "information processing model"? For each of the stages (sensory, short-term, and long- term), choose letter A, B, or C. Sensory Long-term memory Short-term (or working) memory A. Days to Years B. 1-2 seconds C. 30 seconds to several minutes QUESTION 28 Which one below does not describe the meaning of "episodic memory? This refers to remembering events and experiences at specific times and places. This refers to remembering the sequence of events and when things happened.arrow_forwardSubject: Neurophysiology Imagine that you have the NMJ preparation but your voltage clamp and intracellular microelectrode is broken. You decide to depolarize a nerve to threshold using KCl in the bath. What concentration would you use? Explain your rational using Goldman, and Nernst.arrow_forward
- Muscle Contraction In an experiment, the strength of a neural stimulus and the resulting muscle contraction are compared. A single motor neuron that synapses with one muscle fiber is observed in this experiment. One end of the muscle fiber is attached to a mass. The following data was obtained from the experiment. *attached document is chart with data 1. Does the data in the table provide sufficient evidence of the value for the threshold potential? Why or why not 2.a) A student remarked that at 180 mV of stimulus, it is expected that 100 g mass is lifted by the muscle fiber.b)Do you agree or disagree? Why or why not? 3.Identify the manipulated, responding and controlled variables in the experiment described above a) strength of stimulus ________ (manipulated, responding, or controlled) b) number of mucsle fibre stimulated _____ (maniuplated, repsonding, or controlled) c) mass lifted by muscle contraction ______ (manipulated, responding or controlled) 4. How would you modify this…arrow_forwardPlease ASAP. Thanku If one increases the intracellular concentration of Na+ around a neuron, what would happen to the resting membrane potential? Ion Extracellular Concentration (mM) Intracellular Concentration (mM) Na+ 440 50 K+ 20 400 Cl- 560 52 Ca++ 10 1 I am not sure No effect Becomes more positive Less positivearrow_forwardIn not less than 200 words, explain Resting Membrane Potential & Action Potential. Additionally, compare and contrast them.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Nervous System - Get to know our nervous system a bit closer, how does it works? | Neurology; Author: FreeMedEducation;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6O-0CVAgaEM;License: Standard youtube license