To explain: The relationship between losing DNA in B and T cells during maturation and DNA as heritable biological information based on similarities between cellular and organismal generations.
Introduction:
The B cells and T cells are types of lymphocytes. They originate from the stem cells as other blood cellsby a process known as hematopoiesis. Some of the lymphocytes move to thymus that matures into T cells. The lymphocytes present in the bone marrow mature into B cells. An antigen binds tothe receptor present on B or T cell and elicits a B cell or T cell response. Unlike other cells of immune system, particular lymphocytes have an antigen receptor specific for one epitope. So, it can bind to antigen of any pathogen that displays that epitope.
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Campbell Biology: Custom Edition For The University Of Maryland
- Which of the following statement is TRUE about effector cells? (Select all that apply) Effector cells are created once adaptive immune cells are activated B cell effector cells are called plasma cells T cell effector cells are called memory cells T cell effector cells are the same, regardless of surface cell receptor Each immune response cell has its own effector cell Effector cells arise from differentiationarrow_forwardWhat does innate mean? How is the innate immune system different from the adaptive immune system? Compare the strategies of innate immunity with strategies of adaptive immunity. Give specific examples. How do vaccines protect us from diseases? Which cells in the immune system become activated after the injection? Your answer should be written as 2 or more paragraphs with a total word count of 400 or more.arrow_forwardArrange the following events during the development of adaptive immune response in the order they happen: T-cell with a matching variable fragment binds to an antigen-presenting cell; T-cell proliferation; macrophage digests a pathogen and exposes fragment of its structure on the surface; helper T-cells and killer T-cells are produced;arrow_forward
- Match each of the listed characters below to the innate or adaptive immune system. 1) Fully formed at birth 2) Includes barrier tissues and macrophages, among other defenses. 3) Recognizes molecular patterns that are shared across many pathogens. 4) Serves as the first line of defense. 5) Continues to develop with exposure to new pathogens. 6) Recognizes specific (unique) pathogen peptides. 7) Includes a 'memory' that leads to immunity by recognizing threats that have previously invaded the body. 8) Involves T cells, B cells, and antibodies. Here is the options: a) innate immune system. b) adaptive immune system.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT one of the major functions of T lymphocytes (T cells)? activating the immune system binding to antigens presented by MHC proteins production of antibodies forming memory cells to more rapidly respond to future infections by the same pathogen attacking our own cells that are infected with a virus or cancerousarrow_forwardUsing words and arrows, complete a flow outline of an immune response,beginning with entrance of antigen; include processing, cell interaction,involvement of cytokines, and the end results for B and T cells.arrow_forward
- Please answer fast How do autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, Type I diabetes and Multiple Sclerosis develop? a. There is an error during clonal expansion that generates an over-abundance of non-specific lymphocytes.b. During clonal deletion, the TREG cells that suppress the development of autoimmune diseases are accidentally eliminated. c. During maturation, negative selection fails to eliminate Class II MCH phagocytes with autoreactive receptors at checkpoint 1. d. During maturation, negative selection fails to eliminate lymphocytes with autoreactive receptors at checkpoint 2.arrow_forwardwhich events occurs at A, B, and C ? choose the answers above: - cytokines are released to promote blood flow and cell movemnt - macrophages and neutrophils respond - T cell receptors bind to MHC-peptide complexes - secreted antibodies bind to soluble antigens - pamps bind prrs -cytotoxic T cells induce apopotosis of infected cellsarrow_forwardThe Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection Name the class of molecules that includes antibodies, and name the five groups that make up this class.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about T cells is false? a. Helper T cells release cytokines while cytotoxic T cells kill the infected cell. b. Helper T cells are CD4+, while cytotoxic T cells are CD8+. c. MHC II is a receptor found on most body cells, while MHC I is a receptor found on immune cells only. d. The T cell receptor is found on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.arrow_forwardWhich of the following describes the developmental pathway for T cells? a. thymus → bone marrow → spleen b. thymus → bone marrow → thymus c. bone marrow → thymus → lymph nodes d. lymph nodes → thymus → spleen e. bone marrow → lymph nodes → thymus.arrow_forwardAntibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity would be an important adaptive immune response to which of the following? Mark all that apply. Group of answer choices A dog infected with heartworms A human adult infected with a virus A pet rabbit with a fungal infection A child infected with Ascaris hookwormsarrow_forward
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