Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 43, Problem 1CQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The reason that reflexes are adaptive.
Introduction: Different organisms have different types of nervous system. For example, jellyfishes have a simple nerve net and humans contain a well-defined complex nervous system. The environmental changes that generate involuntary responses in the body are known as the stimulus. However, these involuntary responses generated by the body due to such stimulus are known as reflexes.
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Describe the structure and function of a simple reflex arc in humans. Include a description of the types of neurons and a discussion of the mechanism of the transmission of a nerve impulse.
Infants have a reflex called sucking reflex. One way to initiate this reflex is to touch the cheek of the infant. What is the specific reflex arc components in this reflex. What would be the classification of this reflex based on development, complexity, response and processing site. Would this be a ipsilateral or contralateral reflex?
Descartes' version of the reflex arc was important for understanding the brain's role in sensation, perception and reactivity. Which feature of Descartes' reflex arc is comparable to neurotransmission through motor, inter, and sensory neurons in the present day reflex circuit?
A) body activity
B) External stimulus
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Chapter 43 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 43.1 - Core Skill: Connections Nervous systems are one of...Ch. 43.1 - Scientists have determined that the brain mass of...Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.3 - Core Skill: Modeling The goal of this modeling...Ch. 43.3 - What was the hypothesis proposed by Gaser and...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 2EQCh. 43.3 - CoreSKILL Based on the results described here and...Ch. 43 - A nerve net consists of a. bilateral neurons that...
Ch. 43 - Prob. 2TYCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYCh. 43 - The white matter of the CNS is composed of a....Ch. 43 - Prob. 5TYCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYCh. 43 - Prob. 7TYCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYCh. 43 - In humans, the ______ blank hemisphere of the...Ch. 43 - ______ blank is a progressive disease that causes...Ch. 43 - Prob. 1CQCh. 43 - Prob. 2CQCh. 43 - Core Concept: Systems New properties of life...Ch. 43 - Discuss how the two parts of the nervous system of...Ch. 43 - List the three major divisions of the brain of...
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- Chapter 7: The Nervous System #43 Please answer the question in a simple and very comprehensive explanation of the given situation. Thank you!arrow_forwardMuscle fatigue has been suggested as one factor that can increase the chances of non-contact sports injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Notably, some researchers have noted a delay in the reflex response after muscle fatigue. With your understanding of the stretch reflex, which of the following is the most logical contributing factor to the injury? a. the distraction of the game causes inhibitory impulses to be sent down from the somatosensory cortex, so muscles are not operating at full capacity b. the proprioceptors adapt and become less sensitive c. there is an increase in time to muscle contraction after triggering a reflexarrow_forwardWhat would be the advantage to a wolf in having its sympathetic nervous system stimulate the piloerector muscles? What happens in a human when the sympathetic system stimulates these muscles?arrow_forward
- Reflexes can be somatic (as in the knee jerk response) or visceral (as in vomiting). Given that both result in an involuntary motor response, why aren’t they both considered visceral motor?arrow_forwardPatients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) will often reflexively respond to visual and auditory stimuli. Where in the brain are the centers for these reflexes located? Explain how this phenomenon relates to the unaffected parts of their brain involved in sensory input.arrow_forwardThe earliest discrete embryonic structure from which the entire nervous system eventually develops is the ventricle. ependyma. neural tube. neural crest. neural plate.arrow_forward
- Fill in the blank: A reflex arc begins with the stimulation of a _______________________ at the end of a sensory neuron.arrow_forwardIn the simplest kind of reflex______, directly signal ________, which act on muscle cells. a. sensory neurons; interneurons b. interneurons; motor neurons c. sensory neurons; motor neurons d. motor neurons; sensory neuronsarrow_forwardexplain how nervous systems it evolved in humans in comparison to one lower organismarrow_forward
- Number the events of a reflex arc from 1 (first event) to 5 (last event). CNS sends output via motor neurons to an effector Sensory neurons bring the stimulus to the CNS The muscle contracts CNS processes and integrates the information Sensory receptor detects the stimulusarrow_forwardAnimals are continuously bombarded by a vast array of environmental stimuli. Consider how animals with the simplest and most complex bilateral nervous systems (flatworms and mammals, respectively) might filter and preferentially respond to these environmental stimuli.arrow_forwardReciprocal inhibition between reflexes depends upon all the following,except :-a- presence of inhibitory interneurons in the reflex pathwaysb- presence of excitatory interneurons in the reflex pathwaysc- presence of anion channels in membranes of the involved neuronsd- release of inhibitory transmitters which block cation channels in the reflex pathwaysarrow_forward
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