Campbell Biology Plus Masteringbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321775849
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 43, Problem 6TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Vaccination is a method of injecting an inactivated bacterial toxin, killed or weakened pathogen. This induces a primary immune response and immunological memory. This method increases the “number of lymphocytes with receptors that can bind to the pathogen”. Hence, the defense mechanism reacts strongly and rapidly during the subsequent invasion of the “pathogen”.
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Vaccination increases the number of(A) different receptors that recognize a pathogen.(B) lymphocytes with receptors that can bind to the pathogen.(C) epitopes that the immune system can recognize.(D) MHC molecules that can present an antigen
Which of the following statements is not true?(A) An antibody has more than one antigen-binding site.(B) A lymphocyte has receptors for multiple differentantigens.(C) An antigen can have different epitopes.(D) A liver or muscle cell makes one class of MHC molecule.
Plasma cells
(A) tag pathogens with antibodies
(B) are a fragment of a megakaryocyte
(C) attack tagged pathogens directly
(D) are a part of the innmate immune system
Chapter 43 Solutions
Campbell Biology Plus Masteringbiology
Ch. 43.1 - Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator...Ch. 43.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules that...Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.2 - WHAT IF? If both copies of a light-chain gene and...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.3 - Treatment of antibodies with a particular protease...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 43.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.4 - WHAT IF? How would a macrophage deficiency likely...Ch. 43 - In what ways does innate immunity protect the...Ch. 43 - Why is the adaptive immune response to an initial...Ch. 43 - Is immunological memory after a natural infection...Ch. 43 - Prob. 43.4CRCh. 43 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 43 - An epitope associates with which part of an...Ch. 43 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 43 - Level 2: Application/Analysis 4. Which of the...Ch. 43 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 43 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Contrast clonal selection with...Ch. 43 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Describe one invertebrate...Ch. 43 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 43 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This photo shows a child...
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- A 23 year old woman has a boil on the hand from which a gram-positive bacteria was isolated. What role does complement play in the resolution of this infection? (a) Lyse the bacteria (b) attracts neutrophils (c) stimulates T cells (d) promotes immunoglobulin class switcharrow_forward1. How does the thymus help the body avoid autoimmune responses? (A) By negatively selecting T cells with receptors that bind to peptide-MHC complexes with high affinity. (B) By positively selecting T cells with receptors that only recognize self peptides. (C) By facilitating cell signaling between T cell surface receptors and antigens in the thymic capsule. (D) By using clonal deletion to eliminate antigen-presenting cells that have low affinity for T cells receptors. 2. Functions of the innate immune system include all of these EXCEPT: (A) to eliminate pathogens directly. (B) to mediate the inflammatory response. (C) to activate the adaptive immune system. (D) All of these are functions of the innate immune system.arrow_forwardThe brain can sense cytokines released by peripheral immune cells through the following means EXCEPT a.) Cytokines being transported across the blood-brain barrier b.) Cytokines crossing intact blood-brain barrier by diffusion c.) Cytokines circumventing blood-brain barrier at circumventricular organs d.) Cytokines activating general visceral sensory nervesarrow_forward
- Interferons are: (a) Cytokine barriers (b) Physical barriers (c) Cellular barriers (d) Physiological barriersarrow_forwardThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (a) consists of Y-shaped molecules (b) encodes certain antibodies (c) encodes Toll-like receptors (d) inhibits complement release from macrophages (e) encodes a group ofcell-surface proteins.arrow_forward_______ are substances that provoke a specific immune response which is so discriminating that only a single molecular fragment, called an _______, interacts with the lymphocyte’s receptor. a) Antigens; epitope b) Epitopes; immunogen c) Immunogens; fragment d) Allergens; allograftarrow_forward
- 2. A 65-year-old man has a carcinoma. Study of the neoplasm shows absence of class I MHC molecules and no tumor-specific antigens. An immunologic response from which of the following cells is most likely to lyse some tumor cells? OA) B lymphocytes B) y6-T lymphocytes OC) CD8+ T lymphocytes D) Macrophages OE) Natural killer cellsarrow_forwardA man gets bitten by a rattle snake. The man is rushed to the hospital and they administer to him anti-rattle snake venom. The anti-rattle snake venom is horse antibodies that were raised against rattle snake venom, and it provides immunity against rattle snake venom. Based on what you studied in the lecture: A) what is the type of immunity that antivenom provides? B) Are the antibodies part of the innate or the adaptive immune responses? C) From what you have learned about the properties of antibodies, can this horse anti-rattle snake venom be used as anti-venom to Cobra snake venom? Explain briefly. D) Six months after this incident, the same person got bitten again by a rattle snake. However, at the hospital the doctors were informed that he was previously given horse anti-venom and so they decided that this person cannot be injected again with horse anti-venom, and they had to find an anti-venom not prepared in horse. Explain briefly why he cannot get any horse anti-venom again,…arrow_forward1. How does the body differentiate between self and non-self antigens? (1) 2. On which cells do we find the two molecules involved. (2) 3. What is the difference between the functions of these two molecules in relation to their presence on different host cells? (2) 4. What is the complement system (1) 5. What is the function of the complement system (1) 6. Why is the complement system unable to destroy viruses? (1)arrow_forward
- 1. Compared to innate immunity, adaptive immunity (A) has a response time of minutes to hours. (B) is only specific to a few types of antigens. (C) becomes more rapid and efficient with each subsequent exposure. (D) All of these are correct. 2. The white pulp of the ____ forms the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) around arterioles. Closely associated with the PALS are lymphoid follicles, primarily composed of ____ in their germinal centers. (A) spleen; B cells (B) thymus; T cells (C) spleen; macrophages (D) thymus; neutrophilsarrow_forwardAPC cells with antigen presented on MHC I can trigger which naïve cell type to activate, thus forming memory and effector cells? O 1) macrophages O 2) CD4 cells O 3) CD8 cells O 4) B cellsarrow_forwardImmunosuppression is a lowering of the responsiveness ofthe immune system to materials it recognizes as foreign and isproduced by _________and_________ .(a) antibodies and foreign antigens(b) NK cells and allergen desensitizers(c) radiation and cytotoxic drugs(d) hypersensitivity and transplant rejection(e) a and darrow_forward
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