Campbell Biology Plus Masteringbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321775849
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 43.2, Problem 3CC
WHAT IF? Ø If both copies of a light-chain gene and a heavy-chain gene recombined in each (diploid) B cell, how would this affect B cell development and function?
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a. What are the number of total chromosomes that carries the genes encoding heavy and light chain polypeptides in a single B cell (in human)?
b. From the total number of chromosomes carrying genes for immunoglobulin peptides from question a, how many encode the heavy and light chains actually expressed by a single B cell?
Match the following terms of B-cell development with the best definition.
Surrogate light chain
Allelic exclusion
Checkpoint 2
Checkpoint 1
Receptor editing
Choose...
Choose...
✓Choose...
expression of only one heavy chain allele and one light chain allele
Presence of completed BCR with mu heavy chain and kappa or lambda light chain
Presence of mu heavy chain and presence of pre-B-cell receptor
VpreB and lambda5 which combine with the heavy chain to form pre-B-cell receptor
Successive rearrangement of light chain genes after negative selection
What are two types of long-lived cells derived from the B cell lineage? Where are these cells located + what is their function?
Chapter 43 Solutions
Campbell Biology Plus Masteringbiology
Ch. 43.1 - Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator...Ch. 43.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules that...Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.2 - WHAT IF? If both copies of a light-chain gene and...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.3 - Treatment of antibodies with a particular protease...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 43.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.4 - WHAT IF? How would a macrophage deficiency likely...Ch. 43 - In what ways does innate immunity protect the...Ch. 43 - Why is the adaptive immune response to an initial...Ch. 43 - Is immunological memory after a natural infection...Ch. 43 - Prob. 43.4CRCh. 43 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 43 - An epitope associates with which part of an...Ch. 43 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 43 - Level 2: Application/Analysis 4. Which of the...Ch. 43 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 43 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Contrast clonal selection with...Ch. 43 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Describe one invertebrate...Ch. 43 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 43 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This photo shows a child...
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- Briefly, what are the 2 ‘checkpoints’ in development for the B cell? When do the B cells pause to proliferate and why is this step is important? Explain receptor editing.arrow_forwardMatch the stage of B cell development with the rearrangement or expression of immunoglobulin genes. Stem cell Early pro-B cell Late pro-B cell Large pre-B cell Small pre-B cell Immature B cell ✓Choose... V-DJ rearranging germline configuration for both light and heavy chain genes D-J rearranging V-J rearranging u heavy chain plus lambda or kappa light chains on cell surface μ heavy chain made but light-chain genes in germline configuration Choose... Choose... ➡ →arrow_forwardDescribe VDJ recombination in the development of B cell. Include in your description the roles of RSS, RAG-1 and RAG-2 and other essential enzymes.arrow_forward
- 1- B cell clones undergo somatic hypermutation in which structure? Group of answer choices A) Thymic cortex B) Bone marrow C) Primary focus D) Germinal center dark zone 2- During T cell development, the surrogate alpha chain (pTalpha) is considered analogous to the surrogate light chains (lambda5 and VpreB) expressed during B cell development. Which complexes do these surrogate protein chains help form in T cell and B cells, respectively? Group of answer choices A) Mature TCR and transitional B cell BCR B) Double positive thymocyte CD4/CD8 complex and mature naive B cell IgD/IgM complex C) preTCR and preBCR D) Thymic progenitor Notch receptor and early pro-B cell IL-7 receptorarrow_forward1 It was stated that the Rh antigens are so sparsely scattered on the red cell surface that IgG molecules bound to the Rh antigens are too far apart to fix C1q. Therefore, complement-mediated hemolysis cannot be invoked to explain hemolytic disease of the newborn. By what mechanism are the red cells destroyed?arrow_forwardAsap explain wellarrow_forward
- In B cells, what mechanism ensures that only rearranged V genes are transcribed?arrow_forward277. Which of the following best describes the reason that the B cell receptor cannot transduce signals to the inside the cell once it binds antigen? A. The receptor requires twice the amount of antigen to be activated because it contains two sites. antigen binding b. lga is rapidly dephosphorylated c. The cytoplasmic domain of the receptor consists of 3 amino acids. d. Immunoglobulins (Ig) are inflexible moleculesarrow_forwardI’m a little stumped…could you please assist?arrow_forward
- B-cell development in the bone marrow is an inherently wasteful process. Nearly half of the pro-B cells produced will die without progressing to the next stage of development. This massive loss of pro-B cells is due to detrimental DJH rearrangements on both alleles of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus. the failure of the pro-B cell to make a complete immunoglobulin heavy-chain protein. the inability of many pro-B cells to proceed with rearranging a V₁ to their rearranged DJH sequence. the failure of many pro-B cells to up-regulate Pax5 and become committed to the B-cell lineage.arrow_forwardPlease answer fast How do autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, Type I diabetes and Multiple Sclerosis develop? a. There is an error during clonal expansion that generates an over-abundance of non-specific lymphocytes.b. During clonal deletion, the TREG cells that suppress the development of autoimmune diseases are accidentally eliminated. c. During maturation, negative selection fails to eliminate Class II MCH phagocytes with autoreactive receptors at checkpoint 1. d. During maturation, negative selection fails to eliminate lymphocytes with autoreactive receptors at checkpoint 2.arrow_forwardD. TH17 17. Down regulation of ..............allow naïve T cells to enter lymph nodes? A. CD40 B. B7 C. L-selectin 18. The following is not a characteristic of follicular TH cells? A. Transcription factor Bcl-6 C. Exist mostly in the blood D. integrin B. release of IL-21 D. Germinal center marker (CXCR5) E. MHCarrow_forward
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