Physics for Scientists and Engineers With Modern Physics
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133953982
Author: SERWAY, Raymond A./
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 43, Problem 7OQ
To determine
To arrange the given energies from the largest in magnitude to smallest in magnitude for a typical material composed of covalently bonded diatomic molecules.
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The potential energy of two atoms in a diatomic molecule is approximated by U(r) = a/r12-b/r6, where r is the spacing between atoms and a and b are positive constants.
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Q3: The potential energy function for the force between two atoms in
a diatomic molecule is approximately given by
U(x) = -
읆 옮
, where a and b are constant and x is the distance between the atoms. If the
dissociation energy of the molecule is (U(x= ∞) -U at equilibrium), D is
(a) b²/6a
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(c) b²/12a
(d) b²/4a
Nitrogen molecules are made of two nitrogen atoms with atomic weight of 14 each. Water molecules are made of one oxygen of 16 atomic mass units and two hydrogens of 1 atomic mass unit each. If you have one gram of each substance in vapor form, at high enough temperature that all molecular vibration and rotation modes are accessible, and the two substances are at the same temperature, what is the ratio of the total energy content of the nitrogen to that of the water?
Chapter 43 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers With Modern Physics
Ch. 43.1 - For each of the following atoms or molecules,...Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 43.2QQCh. 43.2 - Prob. 43.3QQCh. 43 - Prob. 1OQCh. 43 - Prob. 2OQCh. 43 - Prob. 3OQCh. 43 - Prob. 4OQCh. 43 - Prob. 5OQCh. 43 - Prob. 6OQCh. 43 - Prob. 7OQ
Ch. 43 - Prob. 1CQCh. 43 - Prob. 2CQCh. 43 - Prob. 3CQCh. 43 - Prob. 4CQCh. 43 - Prob. 5CQCh. 43 - Prob. 6CQCh. 43 - Prob. 7CQCh. 43 - Prob. 8CQCh. 43 - Discuss models for the different types of bonds...Ch. 43 - Prob. 10CQCh. 43 - Prob. 1PCh. 43 - Prob. 2PCh. 43 - Prob. 3PCh. 43 - Prob. 4PCh. 43 - Prob. 5PCh. 43 - Prob. 6PCh. 43 - Prob. 7PCh. 43 - Prob. 8PCh. 43 - Prob. 9PCh. 43 - Prob. 10PCh. 43 - Prob. 12PCh. 43 - Prob. 13PCh. 43 - Prob. 14PCh. 43 - Prob. 15PCh. 43 - Prob. 16PCh. 43 - The nuclei of the O2 molecule are separated by a...Ch. 43 - Prob. 18PCh. 43 - Prob. 19PCh. 43 - Prob. 20PCh. 43 - Prob. 21PCh. 43 - Prob. 22PCh. 43 - Prob. 23PCh. 43 - Prob. 24PCh. 43 - Prob. 25PCh. 43 - Prob. 27PCh. 43 - Prob. 28PCh. 43 - Prob. 29PCh. 43 - Prob. 30PCh. 43 - Prob. 31PCh. 43 - Prob. 32PCh. 43 - Prob. 33PCh. 43 - Prob. 34PCh. 43 - Prob. 35PCh. 43 - Prob. 36PCh. 43 - Prob. 37PCh. 43 - Prob. 38PCh. 43 - Prob. 39PCh. 43 - Prob. 40PCh. 43 - Prob. 41PCh. 43 - Prob. 42PCh. 43 - Prob. 43PCh. 43 - Prob. 44PCh. 43 - Prob. 45PCh. 43 - Prob. 46PCh. 43 - Prob. 47PCh. 43 - Prob. 49PCh. 43 - Prob. 50PCh. 43 - Prob. 51PCh. 43 - A direct and relatively simple demonstration of...Ch. 43 - Prob. 53PCh. 43 - Prob. 54APCh. 43 - Prob. 55APCh. 43 - Prob. 56APCh. 43 - Prob. 57APCh. 43 - Prob. 58APCh. 43 - Prob. 59APCh. 43 - Prob. 61APCh. 43 - Prob. 62APCh. 43 - Prob. 63CPCh. 43 - As an alternative to Equation 43.1, another useful...
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- The v = 0 to v = 1 vibrational transition of the HI molecule occurs at a frequency of 6.69 × 1013 Hz. The same transition for the NO molecule occurs at a frequency of 5.63 × 1013 Hz. Calculate (a) the effective force constant and (b) the amplitude of vibration for each molecule. (c) Explain why the force constant of the NO molecule is so much larger than that of the HI molecule.arrow_forwardConsider 1 g of sodium chloride that is successively divided into smaller cubes with various varying sizes as shown in table. Assuming a mass density of 2.178×10³ kg/m³ and surface energy of 2 × 10-5 J/cm², complete the table below and make your conclusion about how the total surface energy of 1 g of sodium chloride vary with particle size. Total surface area Side 0.1 cm 0.01 cm 0.001 cm 1 μm 1 nm Total Surface energy (J/g)arrow_forwardAn isolated LiCl molecule has its chloride ion (mass = 35 u) at x= 0 pm , and its lithium ion (7 u) at x = 202 pm. Where is the LiCl molecule's mass centered? 40.4 pm O 101 pm O o pm O +33.7 pm O 202 pm cannot determine with the information givenarrow_forward
- The binding energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom is 13.6 electron volts. At what temperature will the hydrogen atom’s adiabatic index start to rise, due to the electron and proton being two particles?arrow_forwardMost of the mass of an atom is in its nucleus. Model the mass distribution in a diatomic molecule as two spheres of uniform density, each of radius 2.00 x 10-15 m and mass 1.00 x 10-26 kg, located at points along the y axis as in 42.5a, and separated by 2.00 x 10-10 m. Rotation about the axis joining the nuclei in the diatomic molecule is ordinarily ignored because the first excited state would have an energy that is too high to access. To see why, calculate the ratio of the energy of the first excited state for rotation about the y axis to the energy of the first excited state for rotation about the x axis.arrow_forwardQ2. Transistors are manufactured by doping semiconductors. The diffusion coefficient of phosphorus in Si is D = 6.5 x 10-11 mm2/s at a temperature of 950°C. Assume the source provides a surface concentration of 1020 atoms/cm3 and the diffusion time is one hour. Assume that the silicon wafer initially contains no phosphorus. Calculate the depth at which the concentration of phosphorus will be 1018 atoms/cm3.arrow_forward
- What is the mean free path of molecules in an ideal gas in which the mean collision time is 4.00 × 10-10 s, the temperature is 294K, and the mass of the molecules is 6.00 × 10-25 kg? Assume that the molecules are moving at their root-mean-square speeds. The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K. GIve your answer in Angstroms ( 1 Angstrom = 10-10 m)arrow_forwardThe average thermal energy for a mono-atomic gas is: (kB is Boltzmann constant and T, absolute temperature) kBT kBT kBTarrow_forwardthe vibrational frequency of I2 is 214.5 cm-1. (i) Using the harmonic oscillator model, evaluate the vibrational partition function and the mean vibrational energy of I2 at 1000K. (ii) What is the characteristic vibrational temperature of I2? (iii) At 1000K, assuming high-temperature approximation, evaluate the vibrational partition function and the mean vibrational energy of I2. (iv) Comparing (i) and (iii), is the high-temperature approximation good for I2 at 1000K?arrow_forward
- One description of the potential energy of a diatomic molecule is given by the Lennard–Jones potential, U = (A)/(r12) - (B)/(r6)where A and B are constants and r is the separation distance between the atoms. For the H2 molecule, take A = 0.124 x 10-120 eV ⋅ m12 and B = 1.488 x 10-60 eV ⋅ m6. Find (a) the separation distance r0 at which the energy of the molecule is a minimum and (b) the energy E required to break up theH2 molecule.arrow_forwardOne model for the potential energy of a two-atom molecule, where the atoms are separated by a distance r, is U(r) = U₁[(¹)¹² – ()] where ro = 0.8 nm and ₹₁ = 6.1 eV. 19 Note: 1 eV = 1.6 × 10-¹⁹ J. Some helpful units: [Force] = eV/nm [Energy] = eV [distance] = nm Equilibrium Distance What is the distance between the atoms when the molecule is in stable equilibrium? Click here for a hint req Hint: Hint: Hint: Hint: Hint: Force If the distance between the atoms increases from equilibrium by r₁ = 0.35 nm, then what is the force from one atom on the other associated with this potential energy? (Enter your answer as postive if they repel each other, and negative if they attract.) Fr(req+r₁) Hint: 0.89105934nm Hint:arrow_forwardCalculate the molecular translational partition functions in a volume of 1 cm at 298°K for the hydrogen molecule: H2 6.134 x 1025 O 6.175 x 1024 O 1.118 x 1023 O 1.173 x 1025 2.750 x 1024arrow_forward
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