Cambell Biology 11e Vol1 For Utah Valley University Ch 1-25
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781323691519
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 43, Problem 7TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: “Adaptive immunity” has “humoral response” and “cell-mediated response”. The humoral response is produced by the antibodies against the “pathogens in body fluids”. The cell-mediated response is produced by cytotoxic cells. The antibodies and cytotoxic cells are derived from lymphocytes. The lymphocytes develop from the bone marrow. Some lymphocytes undergo maturation in bone marrow itself, which are called as “B Lymphocytes”. The other remaining lymphocytes mature in thymus and are called as “T Lymphocytes”. Helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells are derived from “T Lymphocytes”. The macrophages are the “antigen-presenting cells” and activate the “T-helper” cells.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Which of the following would not help a virus avoid triggeringan adaptive immune response?(A) having frequent mutations in genes for surface proteins(B) infecting cells that produce very few MHC molecules(C) producing proteins very similar to those of other viruses(D) infecting and killing helper T cells
Which of the following processes occurs in both lytic and nonlytic viral infections?(i) Infected cell ruptures to release viral particles.(ii) Viral mRNAs are transcribed by the host-cell translation machinery.(iii) Viral proteins and nucleic acids are packaged to produce virions.
e) Bats have been implicated as the source of many viruses against which humans have a difficult time mounting an effective immune response. Interestingly, flight plays an important role. i) Describe and explain i) the role that flight plays in creating these kinds of viruses, ii) how the viruses cross over into humans, and iii) why our immune response has a more difficult time mounting an effective response against them
Chapter 43 Solutions
Cambell Biology 11e Vol1 For Utah Valley University Ch 1-25
Ch. 43.1 - Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator...Ch. 43.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules that...Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.2 - WHAT IF? If both copies of a light-chain gene and...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.3 - Treatment of antibodies with a particular protease...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 43.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.4 - WHAT IF? How would a macrophage deficiency likely...Ch. 43 - In what ways does innate immunity protect the...Ch. 43 - Why is the adaptive immune response to an initial...Ch. 43 - Is immunological memory after a natural infection...Ch. 43 - Prob. 43.4CRCh. 43 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 43 - An epitope associates with which part of an...Ch. 43 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 43 - Level 2: Application/Analysis 4. Which of the...Ch. 43 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 43 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Contrast clonal selection with...Ch. 43 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Describe one invertebrate...Ch. 43 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 43 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This photo shows a child...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following is not a DNA virus?(a) Adenovirus (d) Herpesvirus(b) Poxvirus (e) Orthomyxovirus(c) Papovavirusarrow_forwardWhich of the following could not be used a a host cell receptor for viral entry? a.) LPS on bacterial cells b.) Surface glycoproteins on human cells c.)Flagella d.) Ribosomesarrow_forwardWhat is one reason SARS-CoV-2 can remain undetected in a person? a.)it isn't able to replicate unless you are also sick with another type of virus b.)its genome produces proteins that prevent our immune system from noticing it c.)it causes your immune system to shut down d.)it is prevented from infecting a cell for one year after entering your bodyarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is not correct forviruses?(a) Viruses are obligate parasites.(b) Viruses can multiply only when they are inside theliving cells.(c) Viruses cannot pass through bacterial filters.(d) Viruses are made up of protein and DNA or RNA(never both DNA and RNA). Please try to break the solutions into as many steps as practically possible and the steps should come one by one and they should be short and crisp and plagiarism-free.arrow_forward(Please answer all parts, thank you!) 1) Mature red blood cells contain hemoglobin for transporting oxygen but contain little else. They lack a nucleus and most organelles. Are red blood cells more or less likely to be infected by a virus? a) More likely b) Less likely 2) How does SARS-COV-2 genetic material get replicated? a) Host cell DNA polymerase b) Host cell RNA polymerase c) RNA polymerase encoded for by viral genome and built in the host cell d) RNA polymerase encoded for by viral genome and originated from the virus 3) How does SARS-COV-2 proteins get built? a) The host cell's ribosome b) Ribosome encoded for by viral genome and built in host cellarrow_forwardWhich of the following are activities that a virus particle (a virion) cannot accomplish by itself? Select all that apply. a) Extract energy from food molecules b) Synthesis of capsid proteins c) Generate ATP d) Binding to a host cell e) Replication of the viral genomearrow_forward
- Let’s say there are two closely related viruses, let’s call them Guernsey virus and Micro virus. These two viruses only infect epithelial cells. Their surface antigens are sufficiently similar that there are a number of shared epitopes between the two viruses. Choose one of the following: A) If you get infected and successfully recover from one virus, it’s quite possible that you’ll have neutralizing antibodies against the other. B) If you get infected and successfully recover from one virus, you’ll still be susceptible to the other one because the antigens aren’t exactly the same. C) If you get infected and successfully recover from one virus, it’s likely that getting infected with the other virus will be worse because of the common phenomena of antibody-dependent enhancement. D) Not enough information has been given.arrow_forwardThis is a hypothetical scenario. A recently emerged virus has been transmitting and mutating rapidly in humans throughout the world. If a vaccine that stops transmission of all current circulating variants of the virus in humans is utilized and herd immunity is achieved throughout the world, would this essentially stop 1) further transmission of the virus; 2) further mutation of the virus, respectively? Why/why not? Please answer the question succinctly and in bullet points!arrow_forwardInfluenza vaccines must be changed yearly because the amino acid sequence of the viral proteins change gradually over time. Based on this information, which is the most logical conclusion? The influenza virusa) is enveloped. b) is non-enveloped.c) has a DNA genome. d) has an RNA genome.e) causes a persistent infection.arrow_forward
- Decreasing the amount of cytokine produced by the body would most directly prevent what event during the progression of COVID-19 in its host? A). Early viral infection of host cells. B). Replication of infected cells. C). Excessive damage to lung cells by the hot immune system. D). Transmission of the virus from one host to another.arrow_forwardThe life cycle of which of these viruses depends on reverse transcriptase? A)HPV, a DNA virus B)HIV, a (+)RNA retrovirus C)SARS-Cov-2, a (+) RNA virus D)Influenza, a (–) RNA virusarrow_forwardViruses can easily mutate exchange genetic material, mechanisms referred to as antigenic drift and antigenic shift. These changes allow the virus to evade the immune system defenses. Match each term with the correct definition Antigenic drift [ Choose ] [Choose ] Different strains of a virus or strain of different viruses, combine and form a new strain that now has a mixture of the surface antigens Antigenic shift The virus changes genetically by accumulating mutations within the genes that code for antibody-binding sitesarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Immune System and Immune Response Animation; Author: Medical Sciences Animations;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDdbUBXPKc4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Immune response: summary; Author: Dr Bhavsar Biology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADANgHkX4OY;License: Standard Youtube License