Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 43, Problem 8TYU
Summary Introduction
To draw: The antibody-linking protein complex that could trigger endocytosis by a macrophage.
Introduction: An antigen is a large molecule. It may be made up of proteins or polysaccharides. A single antigen has several binding sites that are called epitopes. Each antibody binds to a specific epitope of an antigen. An antibody is a Y-shaped protein molecule that consists of four polypeptide chains. There are two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains connected by a disulfide bond. Antibody binds to the antigen receptor of pathogens like bacteria or virus.
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Consider a pencil-shaped protein with two epitopes, Y (the “eraser” end) and Z (the “point” end). They are recognized by antibodies A1 and A2, respectively. Draw and label a picture showing the antibodies linking proteins into a complex that could trigger endocytosis by a macrophage.
DRAW IT Sketch a B cell antigen receptor. Label the Vand C regions of the light and heavy chains. Label theantigen-binding sites, disulfide bridges, and transmembrane region. Where are these features located relativeto the V and C regions?
Draw a schematic diagram of a typical IgG molecule and label each of the following parts: H chains, L chains, intrachain disulfide bonds, hinge, Fab, Fc, and all the domains. Indicate which domains are involved in antigen binding.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 43.1 - Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator...Ch. 43.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules that...Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.2 - WHAT IF? If both copies of a light-chain gene and...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.3 - Treatment of antibodies with a particular protease...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 43.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.4 - WHAT IF? How would a macrophage deficiency likely...Ch. 43 - In what ways does innate immunity protect the...Ch. 43 - Why is the adaptive immune response to an initial...Ch. 43 - Is immunological memory after a natural infection...Ch. 43 - Prob. 43.4CRCh. 43 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 43 - An epitope associates with which part of an...Ch. 43 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 43 - Level 2: Application/Analysis 4. Which of the...Ch. 43 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 43 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Contrast clonal selection with...Ch. 43 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Describe one invertebrate...Ch. 43 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 43 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This photo shows a child...
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- Based on the constant region of the antibodies there are only five iso-types of the antibodies, while millions of different Variable region domains in the variable part of the antibodies. why?arrow_forwardThere are five major classes of antibodies. Complete the two below.arrow_forwardIllustrate the structure of an antibody molecule. Label the constant and variable regions, the Fc and Fab parts, and the heavy and light chains.arrow_forward
- There are five major classes of antibodies. Complete the three below.arrow_forwardWeigh the following observation: High titers of antibodies for EBVare found in a leukemia patient; a chronically tired, ill businessman; a healthy military recruit; and an AIDS patient. Comment on theprobable significance of antibodies to EBV in human serum.arrow_forwardSelect all of the following that are functions performed by different antibodies. ( select all the correct answers) Group of answer choices a) Attracting natural killer cells to destroy an infected cell. b) Blocking the ability of a pathogen to bind to a host cell c) Lysing a pathogen cell wall or lipid bilayer. d) Marking a pathogen so that innate immune cells destroy the pathogen. e) Helping complement proteins bind to a pathogen.arrow_forward
- Match the antibody in Column A with its description or function in Column B. There may be more than one answer for each antibody.arrow_forwardCreate a concept map that describes antibodies using the following terms: Antibodies Agglutination Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADDC) Antigens Antigen-stimulated B cells Complement activation IgA IgD IgE IgG IgM Inflammation Neutralization Phagocytosis Plasma cells Secreted immunoglobulinsarrow_forwardDescribe the reason that it is useful that antibodies have two antigen binding arms.arrow_forward
- Which of the following are elements of the structure of antibodies? Select all that apply. The antigen-binding sites of each antibody can bind to multiple antigen types. Four polypeptide chains are joined in a Y-shaped configuration. Each antibody has three binding sites for antigens. The antigen-binding sites are unique to each antibody.arrow_forwardWhich of the following binds to the Fc portion of the antibody? A. C1q B. C2a C. C1r D. C1s E. C2barrow_forwardWarm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, WAIHA, frequently have antibody specificity of: Question 6 options: A) anti-P B) anti-I C) anti-i D) anti-earrow_forward
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