CAMPBELL BIOLOGY-W/TEST PREP...>NASTA<
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134588988
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 44, Problem 11TYU
SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE
The marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus), which spends long periods under water feeding on seaweed, relies on both salt glands and kidneys for homeostasis of its internal fluids. Describe how these organs together meet the particular osmoregulatory challenges of this animal’s environment.
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In your own words:
Elucidate the fundamental challenges the aquatic vertebrates and terrestrial vertebrates face in osmoregulation and their strategies to overcome them. Emphasize the modifications of their osmoregulatory organs.
In the aquatic world, osmoregulation is very important. Please describe what would happen at the cellular level as well as organismal level to a freshwater fish that is placed in salt water.
Which mechanism of osmoregulation is shared by sharks and hagfish?
the osmolarity of their plasma is about the same as that of sea water
both are osmoregulators
both excrete all of their nitrogenous wastes as uric acid
both drink large amounts of fresh water to avoid desiccation (drying out)
Chapter 44 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY-W/TEST PREP...>NASTA<
Ch. 44.1 - The movement of salt from the surrounding water to...Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.1 - WHAT IF? Researchers found that a camel in the...Ch. 44.2 - What advantage does uric acid offer as a...Ch. 44.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.3 - Where and how does filtrate originate in the...Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44.4 - What do the number and length of nephrons in a...Ch. 44.4 - Many medications make the epithelium of the...
Ch. 44.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44.5 - How does alcohol affect regulation of water...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44 - Prob. 44.1CRCh. 44 - DRAW IT Construct a table summarizing the three...Ch. 44 - Prob. 44.3CRCh. 44 - Prob. 44.4CRCh. 44 - Why can only some patients with diabetes insipidus...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 44 - The high osmolality of the renal medulla is...Ch. 44 - In which of the following species should natural...Ch. 44 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 44 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY You are exploring kidney...Ch. 44 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 44 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The marine iguana...
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- In a short essay (100–150 words), compare how membrane structures in the loop of Henle and collecting duct of the mammalian kidney enable water to be recovered from filtrate in the process of osmoregulation.arrow_forwardElucidate the fundamental challenges the aquatic vertebrates and terrestrial vertebrates face in osmoregulation and their strategies to overcome them.arrow_forwardThe bodily fluids of freshwater fish contain higher concentration of dissolved solids in their surroundings, so they tend to bloat (take in water) or lose electrolytes. How can freshwater fish avoid this? 1.) By drinking lots of water? 2.) By actively transporting ions out from the gills into the water? 3.) by excreting highly concentrated urine? 4.) by resorbing ions in nephronsarrow_forward
- The mammalian kidney contains an immense network of nephrons that functions to conserve water by producing urine that is hyperosmotic compared to other body fluids. Describe in detail how the transport epithelia of the nephron and collecting duct are able to use transport mechanisms to process the filtrate as it moves through the vessels and produce a hyperosmotic filtrate.arrow_forwardDescribe the underlying osmoregulation issues that aquatic and terrestrial animals confront, as well as their solutions for overcoming them. Emphasize how their osmoregulatory organs have modified.arrow_forwardThe mammalian kidney contains an immense network of nephrons that functions to conserve water by producing urine that is hyperosmotic compared to other body fluids. Explain how the transport epithelia of the nephron and collecting duct are able to use transport mechanisms to process the filtrate as it moves through the vessels and produce a hyperosmotic filtrate.arrow_forward
- Compare and contrast ion and water balance in animals that use protonephridia, metanephridia, and kidneys. Which of the 6 functions of a vertebrate kidney are accomplished by each, and how do they achieve these functions?arrow_forwardUnlike an earthworm’s metanephridia,a mammalian nephron(A) is intimately associated with a capillarynetwork.(B) functions in both osmoregulation andexcretion.(C) receives filtrate from blood instead of coelomic fluid.(D) has a transport epithelium.arrow_forwardComparative analysis of excretion/osmoregulation in selected animals Animal Main Excretory/ Osmo- regulatory organ Major feature of main excretory/ osmoregulatory organ Other Excretory/ Osmoregulator y Structures found if any Accessory Structures in excretion/ osmoregulatio n Bivalve/mussels Cockroach Fish (freshwater / marine) Toad (Rhinella marina) Mammal after, analyze the results of the tablearrow_forward
- Birds that live in marine environments and thus lack access to fresh drinking water A)obtain water by eating only osmoregulating prey. B)osmoregulate without using a transport epithelium for this purpose. C)drink seawater and secrete excess ions through their kidneys only. D)drink seawater and secrete excess ions mainly through their nasal salt glands. E)have plasma that is isoosmotic to ocean water.arrow_forwardAs the text noted, two-thirds of the water and solutes that the body reclaims by reabsorption in nephrons occurs in the proximal tubule. Proximal tubule cells have large numbers of mitochondria and demand a great deal of oxygen. Explain why.arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 17 EVOLUTION LINK Although the kidney is basically similar in all vertebrates, its structure and function vary somewhat among vertebrate taxa. What are some of the adaptations that have occurred during the evolution of the vertebrate kidney?arrow_forward
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