Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern, Revised Hybrid (with Enhanced WebAssign Printed Access Card for Physics, Multi-Term Courses)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305266292
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 45.4, Problem 45.4QQ
To determine
Which of the following values for A is suitable for the fission reaction.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
In the core of a star, hydrogen nuclei combine in fusion reactions. Once the hydrogen has been exhausted, fusion of helium nuclei can occur. If the star is sufficiently massive, fusion of heavier and heavier nuclei can occur once the helium is used up. Consider a fusion reaction involving two nuclei with the same value of A. For this reaction to be exothermic, which of the following values of A are impossible? (a) 12 (b) 20 (c) 28 (d) 64
Another series of nuclear reactions that can produce energy in the interior of stars is the carbon cycle first proposed by Hans Bethe in 1939, leading to his Nobel Prize in Physics in 1967. This cycle is most efficient when the central temperature in a star is above 1.6 x 10^7 K. Because the temperature at the center of the Sun is only 1.5 x 10^7 K, the following cycle produces less than 10% of the Sun’s energy.
(a) A high-energy proton is absorbed by 12C. Another nucleus, A, is produced in the reaction, along with a gamma ray. Identify nucleus A.
(b) Nucleus A decays through positron emission to form nucleus B. Identify nucleus B.
(c) Nucleus B absorbs a proton to produce nucleus C and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus C.
(d) Nucleus C absorbs a proton to produce nucleus D and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus D.
(e) Nucleus D decays through positron emission to produce nucleus E. Identify nucleus E.
(f) Nucleus E absorbs a proton to produce nucleus F plus an alpha particle. Identify nucleus…
You are having a family holiday dinner with your extended family: grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc. The conversation turns to your studies in physics, and you tell everyone about your studies about fusion reactions in the Sun. One of your nephews says, “Oh, yeah? I think the Sun is just a big ball of gasoline burning away. How can you prove that that isn’t true?” (a) Based on the fact that gasoline delivers about 1.3 x 10^8 J of energy for each gallon burned, perform a calculation that will show your nephew how long the Sun would last if it were made of gasoline. (b) Perform a calculation to show your nephew that nuclear fusion of all the hydrogen in the Sun could last a lot longer.
Chapter 45 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern, Revised Hybrid (with Enhanced WebAssign Printed Access Card for Physics, Multi-Term Courses)
Ch. 45.1 - When a nucleus undergoes fission, the two daughter...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 45.2QQCh. 45.3 - Prob. 45.3QQCh. 45.4 - Prob. 45.4QQCh. 45 - Prob. 1OQCh. 45 - Prob. 2OQCh. 45 - Prob. 3OQCh. 45 - Prob. 4OQCh. 45 - Prob. 5OQCh. 45 - Prob. 6OQ
Ch. 45 - Prob. 7OQCh. 45 - Prob. 8OQCh. 45 - Prob. 9OQCh. 45 - Prob. 1CQCh. 45 - Prob. 2CQCh. 45 - Prob. 3CQCh. 45 - Prob. 4CQCh. 45 - Prob. 5CQCh. 45 - Prob. 6CQCh. 45 - Prob. 7CQCh. 45 - Prob. 8CQCh. 45 - Prob. 1PCh. 45 - Prob. 2PCh. 45 - Prob. 3PCh. 45 - Prob. 4PCh. 45 - Prob. 5PCh. 45 - Prob. 6PCh. 45 - Prob. 7PCh. 45 - Prob. 8PCh. 45 - Prob. 9PCh. 45 - Prob. 10PCh. 45 - Prob. 11PCh. 45 - Prob. 12PCh. 45 - Prob. 13PCh. 45 - Prob. 14PCh. 45 - Prob. 15PCh. 45 - Prob. 16PCh. 45 - Prob. 18PCh. 45 - Prob. 19PCh. 45 - Prob. 20PCh. 45 - Prob. 21PCh. 45 - Prob. 22PCh. 45 - Prob. 23PCh. 45 - Prob. 24PCh. 45 - Prob. 25PCh. 45 - Prob. 26PCh. 45 - Prob. 27PCh. 45 - Prob. 28PCh. 45 - Prob. 29PCh. 45 - Prob. 30PCh. 45 - Prob. 31PCh. 45 - Prob. 32PCh. 45 - Prob. 33PCh. 45 - Prob. 34PCh. 45 - Prob. 35PCh. 45 - Prob. 36PCh. 45 - Prob. 37PCh. 45 - Prob. 41PCh. 45 - Prob. 42PCh. 45 - Prob. 43PCh. 45 - Prob. 44PCh. 45 - Prob. 45PCh. 45 - Prob. 46APCh. 45 - Prob. 47APCh. 45 - Prob. 48APCh. 45 - Prob. 49APCh. 45 - Prob. 51APCh. 45 - Prob. 52APCh. 45 - Prob. 53APCh. 45 - Prob. 54APCh. 45 - Prob. 55APCh. 45 - Prob. 56APCh. 45 - Prob. 57APCh. 45 - Prob. 58APCh. 45 - Prob. 59APCh. 45 - Prob. 60APCh. 45 - Prob. 61APCh. 45 - Prob. 62APCh. 45 - Prob. 63APCh. 45 - Prob. 64APCh. 45 - Prob. 65APCh. 45 - Prob. 66APCh. 45 - Prob. 67APCh. 45 - Prob. 68APCh. 45 - Prob. 69APCh. 45 - Prob. 70APCh. 45 - Prob. 71APCh. 45 - Prob. 72APCh. 45 - Prob. 73AP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 10. A nuclear reactor is 35% efficient and has a power output of 350 MW. If we consider all the fission reactions to give out the same energy, 2.78 x 1011 J how many moles of uranium-235 is needed each second by the power station? AA 5.975 x 105 B 5.935 x 105 C 5.835 x 105 D 5.739 x 105arrow_forwardFor a fusion reaction, at which temperature T do you expect the optimal reaction rate to approximately occur? In the expressions below EG is the Gamow energy of the reaction and k is the Boltzmann constant. Select one: O a. T O b. T: O c. T d. T = Oe. T - - = = EG 100k 10EG k EG 10k EG k 100 EG karrow_forwarda) Calculate the energy in joules released by the fusion of a 1.75 -kg mixture of deuterium and tritium, which produces helium. There are equal numbers of deuterium and tritium nuclei in the mixture. b) If this process takes place continuously over a period of a year, what is the average power output in units of megawatts?arrow_forward
- Another series of nuclear reactions that can produce energy in the interior of stars is the cycle described below. This cycle is most efficient when the central temperature in a star is above 1.6 × 107 K. Because the temperature at the center of the Sun is only 1.5 × 107 K, the following cycle produces less than 10% of the Sun’s energy. (a) A high-energy proton is absorbed by 12 C. Another nucleus, A , is produced in the reaction, along with a gamma ray. Identify nucleus A decays through positron emission to form nucleus B. (c) Nucleus B absorbs a proton to produce nucleus C and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus C absorbs a proton to produce nucleus D and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus D. (e) Nucleus D decays through positron emission to produce nucleus E. Identify nucleus E. (f) Nucleus E absorbs a proton to produce nucleus F plus an alpha particle. What is nucleus F ? Note: If nucleus F is not 12C—that is, the nucleus you started with—you have made an error and should review the sequence…arrow_forwardThe fission process in a reactor is represented by the equation below: U235 + n1 = La148+ Br85 + 3n1. If the elements in the above equation have the following atomic mass units (a.m.u ): U235 =235.124, n1 =1.009 La148= 147.96 and Br85 = 84.938. Given that mass of 1 a.m.u =1.67 x 10 -27 kg and 1.619 x 10-19 J = eV. 235g of Uranium contains 6.03 x 1023 atoms. a.Calculate the mass of Uranium atom that will be converted into heat energy by the fission process. b. Calculate the total amount of energy in MeV released during the fission process c.Calculate the amount of energy in J that can be obtained from one kilogramme of Uranium during a fission processarrow_forwardAnother series of nuclear reactions that can produce energy in the interior of stars is the cycle described below. This cycle is most efficient when the central temperature in a star is above 1.6 x107 K. Because the temperature at the center of the Sun is only 1.5 x 107 K, the following cycle produces less than 10% of the Sun’s energy. (a) A high - energy proton is absorbed by 12C. Another nucleus, A, is produced in the reaction, along with a gamma ray. Identify nucleus A. (b) Nucleus A decays through positron emission to form nucleus B. Identify nucleus B. (c) Nucleus B absorbs a proton to produce nucleus C and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus C . (d) Nucleus C absorbs a proton to produce nucleus D and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus D. (e) Nucleus D decays through positron emission to produce nucleus E. Identify nucleus E. (f ) Nucleus E absorbs a proton to produce nucleus F plus an alpha particle. What is nucleus F? Note: If nucleus F is not 12C— that is, the nucleus you started with —…arrow_forward
- What is the Q-value for the reaction where the products are 0.005 0 u less than the reactants? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)arrow_forwardc) Sketch a diagram indicating the s-process path from 102 Ru to 109 Ag. Specify the type of each process (i.e. neutron capture, electron capture, beta decays) in the path.arrow_forwardOn absorption of a single neutron, plutonium Pu-239 can undergo fission into xenon Xe-134 plus zirconium Zr-103 plus three neutrons. The masses of these nuclei are, mpu-239 = 239.052 amu, mxe-134 = 133.905 amu, and mzr-103 = 102.927 amu. Calculate the energy given off in this nuclear reaction. Back Alt+Left arrowarrow_forward
- Cobalt-60 and iodine-131 are used in treatments for some types of cancer. Cobalt-60 decays with a half-life of 5.27 years, emitting beta particles with a maximum energy of 0.32 MeV. Iodine-131 decays with a half-life of8.04 days, emitting beta particles with a maximumenergy of 0.60 MeV.(a) Suppose a fixed small number of moles of each of these isotopes were to be ingested and remain in the body indefinitely. What is the ratio of the number of millisieverts of total lifetime radiation exposure that would be caused by the two radioisotopes?(b) Now suppose that the contact with each of these isotopes is for a fixed short period, such as 1 hour. What is the ratio of millisieverts of radiation exposure for the two in this case?arrow_forwardOne of the fusion reactions that goes on in massive stars is silicon burning, 28Si + 28Si→56Ni + γ. This reaction is how fusion reactions eventually reach the most stable iron/nickel region. It is also a precursor to the end of a star’s life and may lead to a supernova, if the star’s mass is suffi cient. (a) Calculate the ignition temperature required for this reaction. (b) How much energy is expended in this reaction?arrow_forwardA normal family living in a villa has an approximate energy consumption of 20 MWh per year. Now suppose that the family is supplied by energy from a fusion power plants that utilize the energy released from the nuclear reaction We also assume that the power plant has an efficiency of 25%. How many grams of deuterium are needed each year to produce more energy this family?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Modern PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781111794378Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. MoyerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...
Physics
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Modern Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781111794378
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer
Publisher:Cengage Learning