Cambell Biology 11e Vol1 For Utah Valley University Ch 1-25
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781323691519
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 47, Problem 13TYU
SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Occasionally, two-headed animals such as this turtle are born. Thinking about the occurrence of identical twins and the property of totipotency, explain how this might happen.
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A:
Why do sea urchins have external fertilization? [Discuss the life style of the developing sea urchin embryo in the water column compared to a very different ecological niche of the adults on the ocean floor. Besides, would you want to give live birth to a sea urchin! ouch!]
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Then why don't the parents take care of the young? [In fact the adults do in a way. After the embryo has grown large enough and metamorphosed into a young urchin they hide in the spines of the adults, living off of the scraps of food produced from the messy eating of the adults]
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The slow block to polyspermy involves a permanent modification of the egg surface, usually through exocytosis of the cortical granules. In the 1970s, Dave Epel carried out experiments that led to the conclusion that a Ca2+ rise in the egg is both necessary and sufficient to trigger cortical granule exoctyosis (CGE). For the experiment below, describe it as correlation, loss-of-function or gain-of function. Then, indicate the predicted result.
Experiment (a) – Dr. Epel injects the egg with an indicator dye that fluoresces when Ca2+ binds to it. In unfertilized eggs, there is no fluorescence and no CGE. However, when sperm are added to the eggs, he observes fluorescence and then CGE.
Identify 3 effects of progesterone on pregnancy.
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O a.
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Chapter 47 Solutions
Cambell Biology 11e Vol1 For Utah Valley University Ch 1-25
Ch. 47.1 - How does the fertilization envelope form in sea...Ch. 47.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 47.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review Figure 12.16 on cell...Ch. 47.2 - In the frog embryo, convergent extension elongates...Ch. 47.2 - WHAT IF? Predict what would happen if Ca2+ was...Ch. 47.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Unlike some other types of birth...Ch. 47.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 47.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 47.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 47.3 - Prob. 4CC
Ch. 47 - What cell-surface event would likely fail if a...Ch. 47 - What are some functions of apoptosis in...Ch. 47 - Suppose you found two classes of mouse mutations,...Ch. 47 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 47 - Which of the following is common to the...Ch. 47 - The archenteron develops into a. the mesoderm. b....Ch. 47 - What structural adaptation in chickens allows them...Ch. 47 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 47 - In humans, identical twins are possible because a....Ch. 47 - Cells transplanted from the neural tube of a frog...Ch. 47 - DRAW IT Each blue circle in the figure below...Ch. 47 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Evolution in insects and...Ch. 47 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 47 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 47 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 47 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Occasionally, two-headed...
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- A study divides healthy females into two groups (A and B). Both groupsare composed of those who have been sexually active for at least 2 yearsand are not pregnant at the beginning of the experiment. The subjectsweigh about the same amount, and none smoke cigarettes, althoughsome drink alcohol occasionally. Group A individuals receive a placeboin the form of a sugar pill each morning of their menstrual cycles. GroupB individuals receive a pill containing estrogen and progesterone eachmorning of their menstrual cycles. Then plasma LH levels are measuredbefore, during, and after ovulation. The results are as follows:Group 4 Days BeforeOvulationDay ofOvulation4 Days AfterOvulationA 18 mg/100 mL 300 mg/100 mL 17 mg/100 mLB 21 mg/100 mL 157 mg/100 mL 15 mg/100 mLThe number of pregnancies in group A is 37/100 females/year. Thenumber of pregnancies in group B is 1.5/100 females/year. Whatconclusion can you reach on the basis of these data? Explain themechanism involved.arrow_forwardThe development of sex and gender is a good example of a developmental cascade because: Group of answer choices Although having an X and a Y chromosome at conception typically leads to the development of testes during prenatal development, this may not lead to typical male genitalia if certain hormones are present later in development Two people may have the same gonads early in prenatal development but end up with different external genitalia and gender identities as a result of differences in the prenatal environment All of the options listed here are correct Having two X chromosomes at conception typically leads to the development of ovaries during prenatal development, which typically leads to high levels of estrogen in puberty, which typically leads to a female gender identity in adulthoodarrow_forwardBirth control pills are oral contraceptives taken by women to prevent pregnancies. The most effective forms of birth control pills contain estrogen and a small amount of progestin (a synthetic hormone that mimics the effects of progesterone). Although the most effective forms of oral contraceptive for women contain estrogen and progestin, some birth control pills contain a small dose of progestin only. This is because there are many risks and side effects associated with estrogen.Which of the following statements is NOT a reason for using a progestin-only oral contraceptive? Select one: a. Progesterone suppresses the maturation of follicles, thereby preventing ovulation of a mature ovum. b. Progesterone maintains the corpus luteum as corpus luteum releases a large amount of progesterone and some estrogen. c. Progestin-only oral contraceptives prevent the production of FSH and LH in the anterior pituitary. d. Progesterone suppresses the production of GnRH in the hypothalamus.arrow_forward
- There are 6 major events in fertilization. Discuss the process of fertilization or conception, with emphasis on the sperm-egg interaction. Proteins on the sperm plasma membrane bind to ZP3 molecules within the zona pellucida of the egg. Why is this event important? Zona binding triggers the acrosome reaction, in which the sperm plasma membrane fuses with the outer acrosomal membrane, causing exocytosis of acrosomal contents. What is in the "acrosomal content"? Acrosomal enzymes begin to dissolve a hole in the zona pellucida. This enzymatic degradation, accompanied by rapid sperm tail beating, moves the sperm through the zona. Where does the sperm intend to reach?arrow_forwardOccasionally, two-headed animals such as this turtle are born.Thinking about the occurrence of identical twins and the property of totipotency, explain how this might happen.arrow_forwardSome couple practice natural family planning (also known as the rhythm method of birth control), which involves abstaining from sexual intercourse during the time that a woman can become pregnant in her menstrual cycle. The egg only survives in the fallopian tube from 24 hours after ovulation, so conception can only happen during a 24-hour period each month. However, this form of contraceptive is very unreliable and is not recommended for couples who are actively trying to avoid pregnancy. Which of the following is NOT a reason why this form of birth control is unreliable? A. Sperm can survive in the fallopian tubes for 3 to 5 days. B. Ovulation can be affected by stress or illness. C. Women always ovulate on the same day of their menstrual cycle every month. D. It is difficult to predict exactly when in her cycle a woman ovulates.arrow_forward
- Some couples practice natural family planning (also known as the rhythm method of birth control), which involves abstaining from sexual intercourse during the time that a woman can become pregnant in her menstrual cycle. The egg only survives in the Fallopian tube for 24 hours after ovulation, so conception can only happen during a 24-hour period each month. However, this form of contraception is very unreliable and is not recommended for couples who are actively trying to avoid pregnancy. Which of the following is NOT a reason why this form of birth control is unreliable? Select one: a. Women always ovulate on the same day of their menstrual cycle every month. b. Ovulation can be affected by stress or illness. c. Sperm can survive in the Fallopian tubes for 3 to 5 days. d. It is difficult to predict exactly when in her cycle a woman ovulates.arrow_forwardThe change of successful fertilization is approximately 18% in every cycle. Why does this statistic seem so low? All of the following statements provide a reason as to why the chance of fertilization is 18% every ovarian cycle EXEPT Select one: A. Some Sperm cells are not very motile, while others are formed without a tail. B. If more than one sperm fertilizes an egg, multiple embryos can result. C. Vagina is very acidic, killing many sperm. D. There two fallopian tubes and two ovaries, but only one of them releases an ovum every cycle.arrow_forwardAll of the following events occur by the end of the eighth week of gestation EXCEPT Select one: a. the limb buds form distinct fingers and toes, and the face can be seen b. the heart begins to pump, and red blood cells are formed in the liver c. the reproductive structures have formed, and the gender of the baby can be determined through ultrasound d. lungs and kidneys have formedarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements does NOT correctly describe the events following fertilization? Select one: a. Only the inner cell mass cells in a blastocyst are pluripotent. b. The trophoblast has an important role in maintaining the pregnancy, as it prevents the endometrium from shedding. c. As hCG takes over maintaining the endometrium immediately after implantation, the corpus luteum degenerates into the corpus albican. d. All 16 cells in a morula are truly totipotent, meaning that they can become any cells in the human body.arrow_forwardDescribe the biological basis for the 1 : 1 ratio of malesand females at conception in mammals.arrow_forwardPlease draw if needed .... show your workarrow_forward
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