Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 47, Problem 16PIAT
Summary Introduction
To review:
The type of contraceptive that may be the least controversial when brought to the market. There are four types of contraceptives: one blocks ovulation, one blocks fertilization, one blocks cleavage, and one blocks implantation.
Introduction:
Contraceptives are the methods used to prevent pregnancy. There are many forms of contraceptives such as barriers and hormone-based pills. Barrier contraceptives are the devices that prevent pregnancy by avoiding sperm entering into uterus through physical means. The hormone-based pills provide estradiol and progesterone in synthetic forms. There may be several types of contraceptives that block ovulation, implantation, fertilization, and cleavage.
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Birth control pills are oral contraceptives taken by women to prevent pregnancies. The most effective forms of birth control pills contain estrogen and a small amount of progestin (a synthetic hormone that mimics the effects of progesterone).
Although the most effective forms of oral contraceptive for women contain estrogen and progestin, some birth control pills contain a small dose of progestin only. This is because there are many risks and side effects associated with estrogen.Which of the following statements is NOT a reason for using a progestin-only oral contraceptive?
Select one:
a. Progesterone suppresses the maturation of follicles, thereby preventing ovulation of a mature ovum.
b. Progesterone maintains the corpus luteum as corpus luteum releases a large amount of progesterone and some estrogen.
c. Progestin-only oral contraceptives prevent the production of FSH and LH in the anterior pituitary.
d. Progesterone suppresses the production of GnRH in the hypothalamus.
Envision yourself as a physician whose patients sometimes ask about birth control. Provide a contraceptive method for each of the following patients, and explain why it would be appropriate: couple A, a man and woman who have intercourse regularly but never want to have children; couple B, a man and woman who have intercourse regularly and want to have children someday; and person C, a single woman who occasionally has intercourse with single men and does not wish to become pregnant. Be sure to include the level of protection against STDs that each person is likely to need.
Some couple practice natural family planning (also known as the rhythm method of birth control), which involves abstaining from sexual intercourse during the time that a woman can become pregnant in her menstrual cycle. The egg only survives in the fallopian tube from 24 hours after ovulation, so conception can only happen during a 24-hour period each month. However, this form of contraceptive is very unreliable and is not recommended for couples who are actively trying to avoid pregnancy.
Which of the following is NOT a reason why this form of birth control is unreliable?
A. Sperm can survive in the fallopian tubes for 3 to 5 days.
B. Ovulation can be affected by stress or illness.
C. Women always ovulate on the same day of their menstrual cycle every month.
D. It is difficult to predict exactly when in her cycle a woman ovulates.
Chapter 47 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 47 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 47 - Summarize the experimental evidence that Daphnia...Ch. 47 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 47 - 7. How do spermatogenesis and oogenesis in humans...Ch. 47 - 8. Give examples of negative feedback and positive...Ch. 47 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 47 - Prob. 11PIATCh. 47 - Prob. 12PIAT
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following is not a mechanism on how contraceptive pills work to prevent pregnancy? A. thinning the endometrium to prevent implantation B. inhibition of follicular development and suppression of ovulation C. progesterone inhibits the sperm from penetrating through the cervix and female upper tract by making the cervical mucus unfriendly D. stimulates the production of high testosterone levelsarrow_forwardBased on the schematic below, illustrating the control of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland by the ovarian hormones, how would you design a hormonal female contraceptive that keeps secretion of FSH and LH low in order to prevent ovulation?arrow_forwardBirth control pills are oral contraceptives taken by women to prevent pregnancies. the most effective forms of birth control pills contain estrogen and a small amount of progestin ( a synthetic hormone that mimics the effect of progesterone). The role of estrogen in the birth control pills is to: Select one: A. reduce the progesterone levels in the blood to limit the endometrium. B. negatively feedback to the anterior pituitary to suppress the production of GnRH. C. suppress the shedding of the endometrium, thus preventing mestruation. D. prevent the rise in the FSH and LH levels, thereby preventing follicle's maturation.arrow_forward
- Superovulation is when women take hormones in order to release more eggs for fertilization. Which of the following rows contains hormones that are involved in developing the follicles and releasing them from the ovary, respectively? What could be the unintended consequence of this process? Select one: a. Hormone Unintended Consequence FSH and LH The formation of twins or multiple births b. Hormone Unintended Consequence FSH and LH A tubal ligation c. Hormone Unintended Consequence FSH and LH Scar tissue on the Fallopian tubes d. Hormone Unintended Consequence LH and FSH Ovarian Cancerarrow_forwardWhy do we consider a growing child to be alive, but not a growing crystal? Is abortion the taking of a human life? If so, what about a contraceptive foam that kills only sperm?arrow_forwardWhy do you think that birth control law was enacted? What harm do you think it caused? When was that law overturned (and if you found U.S. states that have not overturned such a law)? And what were the reasons for the removal of that birth control law ?arrow_forward
- Which description below explains how the hormones released in birth control pills causes natural ovulation to cease? Select one: a. Birth control pills release estrogen. Estrogen controls the secondary sex characteristics of the female body. b. Birth control pills release progesterone. Progesterone feeds back to the pituitary gland, thereby inhibiting FSH and LH and in effect, stopping the ovarian and menstrual cycle. c. Birth control pills release progesterone. Progesterone causes an increase in FSH, thereby increasing the production of follicles. d. Birth control pills release estrogen. Estrogen feeds back to the posterior pituitary, causing an increase of LH and thereby ceasing the ovarian cycle.arrow_forwardMost contraceptive pills are designed for the female reproductive system. In a scientific innovation challenge, you are to present an idea for the development of a contraceptive pill for males. From your knowledge of the reproductive and endocrine systems of the male body, tell us how this pill when taken by a male will work to prevent pregnancy.arrow_forwardWhat does the graph show about estrogen and progesterone before and after ovulation? Please choose from one choice below. Before ovulation: Progesterone level is higher than estrogen; After ovulation: Estrogen level is higher than progesterone Before ovulation: Estrogen level is lower than progesterone; After ovulation: Progesterone level is higher than estrogen Before ovulation: Estrogen level is higher than progesterone; After ovulation: Progesterone level is higher than estrogen Before ovulation: Progesterone level is higher than estrogen; After ovulation: Estrogen level is lower than progesteronearrow_forward
- You are completing a summer scholarship in a research laboratory that is looking at developing a new type of contraceptive in people with ovaries. Unfortunately, the previous summer scholarship student wasn’t as competent as you and accidentally mixed up the histological slides of an ovary from a 6-year-old girl and a 25-year-old woman. The lead researcher has asked you to separate and correctly label the slides. Thinking about folliculogenesis throughout the lifetime of a person with ovaries, what microscopic feature(s) (other than size) can you use to distinguish the ovaries of a 6-year-old girl and a 25-year-old woman and why?arrow_forwardThe most widely used hormonal methods of birth control: a. prevent fertilization by killing sperm b. prevent ovulation by inhibiting release of FSH and LH c. prevent implantation into the endometrium d. block transport of fertilized egg to uterusarrow_forwardCombined oral contraceptives are composed of synthetic estrogen combined with small amounts of synthetic progesterone. Your client, Mrs. Vanessa Narciso, has been using COCs as her primary contraception method. She comes to the clinic complaining "Why I cant get pregnant ? I already stopped taking pills.". Your most appropriate response will be: "You should talk to your doctor immediately. You might have developed complications from prolonged use of the pill Your body just needs time to recover from the effects of the pill It may be difficult to get pregnant during the first 3 to 12 months after discontinuation. "It is best not to try to get pregnant at this time since your intake of COCs may cause birth defects "You should have been able to conceive by now. Would your husband be willing to undergo labsly testarrow_forward
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