Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 48, Problem 5TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Nephrons are the functional and structural units of the kidney. They are made up of renal corpuscles and tubules. Each kidney in humans contains more than 1 million nephrons, which are differentiated into various regions and carry out consecutive steps in the process of excretion.
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A pt was born with a rare genetic disorder in which the proximal tubules of her nephrons express half the number of aquaporins as normal. What will result?
A. reduced reabsorption of water, although as much reabsorption of Na+ as is typical?
b. reduced reabsorption of water, Na+ and glucose in the proximal tubules?
c. Reduced reabsorption of both water and Na+ in equal proportions?
D. Reduced reabsorption of all materials in the proximal tubules.
Many types of fishes live in freshwater. Generally, water moves by osmosis from the surrounding fresh water into the fish's body. This observation helps to explain which feature of the excretory systems of freshwater fishes?
a. They tend to produce dilute, watery urine.
b. They tend to produce concentrated, dark urine.
c. They do not produce urine, but instead conserve or re-use nitrogenous wastes.
d. They may produce either dilute or concentrated urine, depending on the activity of the fish.
The compact ball of capillaries in a nephron is called:- a. the nephron loop. b. the peritubular plexus. c. the renal corpuscle. d. the glomerulus. e. the vasa recta.
Chapter 48 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 48.1 - Define the terms osmosis, osmolarity, hypoosmotic,...Ch. 48.2 - How are protonephridia, metanephridia, and...Ch. 48.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 48.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.5 - Reptiles and birds excrete nitrogenous wastes in...Ch. 48.6 - Distinguish between ectothermy and endothermy....Ch. 48.7 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.7 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 48.8 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48 - Which of the following statements about...Ch. 48 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 48 - Which of the following correctly describes a part...Ch. 48 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 48 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 48 - Discuss Concepts As a person ages, nephron tubules...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 48 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 48 - Prob. 3ITD
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- Which of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowmans capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting ductarrow_forwardAs the text noted, two-thirds of the water and solutes that the body reclaims by reabsorption in nephrons occurs in the proximal tubule. Proximal tubule cells have large numbers of mitochondria and demand a great deal of oxygen. Explain why.arrow_forward
- Blood pressure forces water and small solutes out of blood and into nephrons during ________. a. glomerular filtration c. tubular secretion b. tubular reabsorption d. both a and carrow_forwardMention the function of the following(a) Ureters in frog(b) Malpighian tubules(c) Body wall in earthwormarrow_forwardHow would damage to the renal capillaries resulting in an increase in protein filtration and urinary excretion affect net filtration pressure in the systemic circulation? a. Increase capillary reabsorption due to an increase in interstitial colloid osmotic pressure b. Increase capillary filtration due to an increase in interstitial hydrostatic pressure c. Increase capillary filtration due to a decrease in blood colloid osmotic pressure d. Increase capillary reabsorption due to increased blood hydrostatic pressurearrow_forward
- Excretion of a hypertonic urine in humans is associated best witha. the glomerular capsule.b. the proximal convoluted tubule.c. the loop of the nephron.d. the collecting duct.e. Both c and d are correct.arrow_forwardThe return of filtered molecules from the nephron packet to the blood is called a. Excretion b. Reabsorption c. Filtration d. Secretionarrow_forwardWhich one of the following statements is false?a. Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is greater than the osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in the plasma within the glomerular capillaries.b. If the osmotic pressure exerted by solutes in the peritubular capillaries is greater than the blood pressure in those capillaries, then water will be reabsorbed.c. Endothelial cells in glomerular capillaries are highly permeable, facilitating filtration of fluid into Bowman’s capsule.d. Constriction of the afferent arteriole is likely to reduce the volume of filtrate appearing in Bowman’s capsule.e. The efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerular capillaries directly to the renal vein.0.5 pointsQuestion 2Your doctor calls with the results of your urinalysis and tells you that they found proteinuria, the presence of abnormal amounts of protein in your urine sample. What could have caused this?a. Infection and inflammation in the kidney.b. Abnormally high concentration of plasma…arrow_forward
- Several pharmacological agents have been shown to lower the pressure of the filtrate inside the lumen of nephrons. What affect will this have? a hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule increases, GFR increases b hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule decreases, GFR decreases c hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule increases, GFR decreases d hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule decreases, GFR increasesarrow_forwardThe kidneys bladder and ureters make up the? arrow_forwardWhich of the following would increase the rate of glomerular filtration? A)increasing the concentration of protein in the blood. B) decreasing the volume of blood plasma. C) increasing the arterial pressure of the blood . D) decreasing the osmotic pressure of the blood .arrow_forward
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