Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 48, Problem 7TY
The countercurrent exchange mechanism in fish gills
- a. maximizes oxygen diffusion into the bloodstream.
- b. is a less efficient mechanism for gas exchange than that used in mammalian lungs.
- c. occurs because the flow of blood is in the same direction as water flowing across the gills.
- d. facilitates diffusion of carbon dioxide into the blood of the fish.
- e. facilitates diffusion of oxygen to the environment.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Can you answer all the parts to this question regarding fish
A: Describe countercurrent exchange in your own words.
B: Describe concurrent exchange in your own words.
C: Mammals have dead end sacs called “alveoli” and don’t have the super efficient countercurrent exchange system seen in fish. Why do you think countercurrent exchange is necessary for fish? (hint: think about the difference between where most mammals and fish live).
Which of the following is NOT a feature of a gas-exchange organ in animals?
A. low surface area for gas exchange
B. moist
C. thin, delicate structure
D. extensive blood flow
Define the term “exchange surface” and list four common features of gas-exchange organs in animals.
Chapter 48 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 48.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 48.2 - Core Skill: Connections Leukocytes are part of the...Ch. 48.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 48.4 - Do erythrocytes enter and exit through pores in...Ch. 48.7 - Prob. 1CSCh. 48.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 48.8 - Prob. 1EQ
Ch. 48.8 - Prob. 2EQCh. 48.8 - Prob. 3EQCh. 48.9 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.10 - Prob. 1CSCh. 48 - Prob. 1TYCh. 48 - Prob. 2TYCh. 48 - A major advantage of a double circulation is that...Ch. 48 - Prob. 4TYCh. 48 - For blood flow through a closed circulation, which...Ch. 48 - Prob. 6TYCh. 48 - The countercurrent exchange mechanism in fish...Ch. 48 - The tracheal system of insects a. consists of...Ch. 48 - Prob. 9TYCh. 48 - Prob. 10TYCh. 48 - Prob. 1CQCh. 48 - Prob. 2CQCh. 48 - Prob. 3CQCh. 48 - Prob. 1COQCh. 48 - List the components of the mammalian respiratory...
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- In______, gas exchange occurs at the body surface and gas is distributed by diffusion alone. a. earthworm c. frogs b. flatworms d. insectsarrow_forwardDescribe some structural and functional features that are commonto all gas-exchange surfaces in animals.arrow_forwardWith rare exceptions, the majority of oxygen is transported in the bloodof vertebratesa. by binding to plasma proteins.b. by binding to hemoglobin in erythrocytes.c. as dissolved gas in the plasma.d. as dissolved gas in the cytoplasm in the erythrocytes.e. by binding to myoglobin.arrow_forward
- Compare the two types of gas exchange systems in invertebrates. Based on your observation of the tracheal system of an aquatic insect: mosquito wriggler) & book lung systems (in invertebrates: spider (Araneae), explain how these systems are similar and how they differ from one another. (i.e. structures involved & relation to circulatory system). In cockroach, do the spiracles occur in pairs? What do you think happens if you block oxygen from coming into the body and prevent carbon dioxide from leaving?arrow_forwardInteractions between the cardiovascular and respiratory system provide oxygen to the body.a. Describe the path of blood through the heart, including arteries and veins. Start at the blood entering the heart from the body. Indicate when blood is oxygenated and deoxygenated.b. Oxygen is transported by hemoglobin. Describe how pH affects the deposition of oxygen in tissues c. What are two sources of oxygen stores in the body to allow for rapid use when undergoing physical exertion? d. Which chamber of the heart is the most muscular, and why?arrow_forwardWhich statement is true? A) When a diver descends, the amount of oxygen gas dissolved in the diver's blood will decrease. B) When a diver ascends too rapidly to the surface of water, gas comes out of the diver's blood, because the solubility of gas decreases. C) When a can of soda is opened, the gas pressure above the beverage is increased. D) When a can of soda is opened, the amount of carbon dioxide gas dissolved in the beverage increases.arrow_forward
- Compare and explain the gas exchange efficiencies of fish, birds, and mammals.arrow_forwardIn counter-current flow within fish gills, A. oxygen-poor water is in contact with oxygen-rich blood; B. water is shunted around to touch both sides of the capillaries; C. as the fish contracts muscles alternately, water flows over both sides of gills; D. oxygen-poor water is in contact with oxygen-poor blood:arrow_forwardGiraffes have blood pressures that often exceed 340/230, whereas salamanders have blood pressures as low as 22/12. How would you explain these differences?arrow_forward
- EVOLUTION LINK Aquatic mammals such as whales and dolphins use lungs rather than gills for gas exchange. Propose a hypothesis to explain why.arrow_forwardThe alveoli of mammalian lungs do not contain 20.9% O2 (that is, the percentage of O2 in atmospheric dry air) because A. there is dead space in the trachea and bronchial tree and the air in the lungs is humidified. B. mammals do not normally ventilate the lungs at a high enough rate. C. the trachea and bronchi are too small in volume to contain this amount of O2. D. mammal lungs have too many alveoli to ventilate. E. some O2 has been exchanged with the blood before reaching the alveoli.arrow_forward1) Electric eels are dependent on air breathing. They take up oxygen from the air that they gulp into their mouths and then blow back out. In what way are their mouths similar to gills? A) They both bring oxygen against its concentration gradient from the lower levels in the water or air to the higher levels in the blood. B) They both have large numbers of capillary beds very close to the skin. C) They both have large numbers of microvilli in their respiratory membrane to provide ATP for active transport of oxygen. D) ALL of these are correct. 2) Which of these accurately describes the buccopharyngeal pumping mechanism teleosts use to breathe? A) The volume of oral cavity is rapidly expanded with the mouth closed and the operculum open. B) The volume of the oral cavity is rapidly compressed with the mouth closed and the operculum open. C) Water from the surroundings is sucked into the gills during inspiration and blown back out during expiration. D) ALL of these are correct.arrow_forward
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