Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The elements with the given electronic configuration should be identified as a metal, non-metal or metalloid.
Concept Introduction: The elements which can donate electrons to get the stable electronic configuration are metal, elements that can accept electrons are non-metal. The elements with characteristics of both metals and non-metals are metalloids.
(b)
Interpretation: The element with the smallest atomic size should be identified.
Concept Introduction: According to the periodic trends, the atomic size of the element increases on moving top to bottom in a group due to addition of one shell and decreases on moving left to right in a group due to increase in
(c)
Interpretation: The element with the highest ionization energy should be identified.
Concept Introduction: Ionization energy is defined as the amount of energy required to remove an electron from its outermost shell. According to periodic trends, it decreases on moving top to bottom in a group due to increase in size and it increases on moving left to right in a period due to decrease in size.
(d)
Interpretation: The element with the half-filled sublevel should be identified.
Concept Introduction: The relative energy of orbitals is represented as follows:
A s orbital can have maximum of 2 electrons, p orbital can have maximum of 6 electrons. Similarly, maximum electrons that a d and f orbital can have are 10 and 14 respectively.
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