Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The chirality of the given objects is to be discussed.
Concept introduction:
The objects that are nonsuperimposable or not identical with their mirror images are known as chiral objects.
The objects that are superimposable with their mirror images are achiral objects. These objects have a centre of symmetry or plane of symmetry.
Answer to Problem 1PP
Solution:
a) Achiral
b) Achiral
c) Chiral
d) Chiral
e) Chiral
f) Achiral
g) Chiral
h) Achiral
Explanation of Solution
a) A screwdriver
A screwdriver is an achiral object as it forms superimposable mirror images. A screwdriver has a plane of symmetry passing through its longitudinal axis. This makes it a symmetric object, superimposable with its mirror images, which makes it achiral.
So, a screwdriver is an achiral object.
b) A baseball bat
A baseball bat is an achiral object as it has a plane of symmetry, which makes it a symmetric object, superimposable with its mirror images. It forms superimposable mirror image due to which it is said to be an achiral object.
So, a baseball bat is an achiral object.
c) A golf club
A golf club is a chiral object because the mirror images of a golf club are non-superimposable due to which it is asymmetric and hence, shows chirality.
So, a golf club is a chiral object.
d) A tennis shoe
A tennis shoe is a chiral object as it shows asymmetric behaviour. The mirror images of a tennis shoe are non-superimposable on the original image due to its curvature toward the tip of the shoe, which makes it asymmetrical and hence, shows chirality.
So, a tennis shoe is a chiral object.
e) An ear
An ear is a chiral object because the mirror images of an ear are nonsuperimposable on the original image and are not identical with its mirror image, due to which it is asymmetric and hence, shows chirality.
So, an ear is a chiral object.
f) A woodscrew
A woodscrew is an achiral object as it shows symmetry. The mirror image of a woodscrew is superimposable on the original image along an axis of symmetry, due to which it is a symmetric molecule and hence shows an achirality.
So, a woodscrew is an achiral object.
g) A car
A car consists of many objects, such as two front seats, a dashboard, and a steering wheel. A car is a chiral object because the mirror images of these interiors are nonsuperimposable on the original image and not identical with their mirror image, due to which a car is asymmetric and hence shows chirality.
So, a car is a chiral object
IF considering only the outer morphology of the car, it is symmetric along an axis, superimposing its mirror image and making it an achiral molecule.
h) A hammer
Superimposable mirror images are formed by a hammer. A hammer has a plane of symmetry, which makes it a symmetric object. Also, it is superimposable with its mirror images, which makes it achiral.
So, a hammer is an achiral object.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEM. VOL.1+2-W/WILEYPLUS
- Classify each of the following objects as to whether it is chiral or achiral: (a) A screwdriver (d) A tennis shoe (g) A car (b) A baseball bat (e) An ear (h) A hammer (c) A golf club (f) A woodscrewarrow_forwardDetermine whether the following pairs of structures in each set represent the same molecule or constitutional isomers, and if they are the same molecule, determine whether they are in the same or different conformations: (a) (b) (c) (d)arrow_forwardConsider 1-bromopropane, CH3CH2CH2Br. (a) Draw a Newman projection for the conformation in which CH3 and -Br are anti (dihedral angle 180°). (b) Draw Newman projections for the conformations in which - CH3 and -Br are gauche (dihedral angles 60° and 300°). (c) Which of these is the lowest energy conformation? (d) Which of these conformations, if any, are related by reflection?arrow_forward
- 3B. For each compound below, draw two chair conformations. Indicate whether the substituents are axial or equatorial. Indicate which chair conformation is more stable. (you need to draw conformations of the exact molecule, not its mirror image or diastereomer) (a) (b) (c) Ме Me Et "Et Et Mearrow_forwardDetermine the degree of unsaturation for each of the compounds shown below. (a) C9H11Cl5O2 b) C10H12Br2N4arrow_forward(b) Consider the following tetra-substituted cyclohexane: OH Draw the alternative chair conformations of the cyclohexane compound, shown above. List the unfavourable steric interactions for each chair conformation and determine the more stable conformation of the compound. i.arrow_forward
- 2.(a) Different conformations are found in 2-methylpentane. (i) Using Newman Projection, draw all the possible staggered and eclipsed conformations of pentane by referring to the bond rotation at C3-C4.(ii) Compare their stability and explain your answer.arrow_forward1. (a) HO -CH₂CH=CH₂ Draw the most stable chair conformation for the compound above.arrow_forwardCalculate the degree of unsaturation in the following formulas; (a) C8H14 (b) C5H6 (c) C12H20 (d) C6H5Narrow_forward
- (B) Draw two chair conformations of the following substituted cyclohexane and identify the most stable conformation. Clearly show the axial and equatorial bonds.arrow_forwardDraw the most stable chair conformation of each of the following compounds. (a) cis-1,1,4- trimethylcyclohexane (B) trans -1,1,3-trimethylcyclohexane (c) cis -1 fluro-4-ethylcyclohexane -arrow_forward2.63 On the left is a stereorepresentation of glucose (we discus the structure and chemistry of glucose in Chapter 25). CH,OH HO Glucose (b) (a) Convert the stereorepresentation on the keft to a planar hexagon representation (b) Convert the stereorepresentation on the kft to a chair conformation. Whkh b- stituent groups in the chair conformation are equatorial? Which are axialarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning