1.
Introduction:
Step-down method: The overhead costs of supporting incurred by the supporting department are allocated to other supporting departments and also the operating department based on the allocation base.
Allocation of the service department’s cost to the consuming department and the predetermined overhead rates in the operating department.
2.
Introduction:
Direct method: Under the direct method, the overhead costs incurred by the supporting department are directly allocated to the operating department.
Allocation of the service department’s cost to the consuming department using the direct method and the predetermined overhead rate.
3.
a.
Step-down method: The overhead costs of supporting incurred by the supporting department are allocated to other supporting departments and also the operating department based on the allocation base.
The amount of overhead cost for the job using overhead rates computed in parts 1 and 2.
3.
b.
Step-down method: The overhead costs of supporting incurred by the supporting department are allocated to other supporting departments and also the operating department based on the allocation base.
The reason the step-down method is a better base for computing the predetermined rates than the direct method.
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MANAGERIAL ACCTING LL W/CNCT- UND CUSTOM
- Sales Revenue Approach, Variable Cost Ratio, Contribution Margin Ratio Arberg Companys controller prepared the following budgeted income statement for the coming year: Required: 1. What is Arbergs variable cost ratio? What is its contribution margin ratio? 2. Suppose Arbergs actual revenues are 30,000 more than budgeted. By how much will operating income increase? Give the answer without preparing a new income statement 3. How much sales revenue must Arberg earn to break even? Prepare a contribution margin income statement to verify the accuracy of your answer. 4. What is Arbergs expected margin of safety? 5. What is Arbergs margin of safety if sales revenue is 380,000?arrow_forwardKatayama Company produces a variety of products. One division makes neoprene wetsuits. The divisions projected income statement for the coming year is as follows: Required: 1. Compute the contribution margin per unit, and calculate the break-even point in units. Repeat, using the contribution margin ratio. 2. The divisional manager has decided to increase the advertising budget by 140,000 and cut the average selling price to 200. These actions will increase sales revenues by 1 million. Will this improve the divisions financial situation? Prepare a new income statement to support your answer. 3. Suppose sales revenues exceed the estimated amount on the income statement by 612,000. Without preparing a new income statement, determine by how much profits are underestimated. 4. How many units must be sold to earn an after-tax profit of 1.254 million? Assume a tax rate of 34 percent. (Round your answer up to the next whole unit.) 5. Compute the margin of safety in dollars based on the given income statement. 6. Compute the operating leverage based on the given income statement. (Round to three significant digits.) If sales revenues are 20 percent greater than expected, what is the percentage increase in profits?arrow_forwardCost Classification, Income Statement Gateway Construction Company, run by Jack Gateway, employs 25 to 30 people as subcontractors for laying gas, water, and sewage pipelines. Most of Gateways work comes from contracts with city and state agencies in Nebraska. The companys sales volume averages 3 million, and profits vary between 0 and 10% of sales. Sales and profits have been somewhat below average for the past 3 years due to a recession and intense competition. Because of this competition, Jack constantly reviews the prices that other companies bid for jobs. When a bid is lost, he analyzes the reasons for the differences between his bid and that of his competitors and uses this information to increase the competitiveness of future bids. Jack believes that Gateways current accounting system is deficient. Currently, all expenses are simply deducted from revenues to arrive at operating income. No effort is made to distinguish among the costs of laying pipe, obtaining contracts, and administering the company. Yet all bids are based on the costs of laying pipe. With these thoughts in mind, Jack looked more carefully at the income statement for the previous year (see below). First, he noted that jobs were priced on the basis of equipment hours, with an average price of 165 per equipment hour. However, when it came to classifying and assigning costs, he needed some help. One thing that really puzzled him was how to classify his own 114,000 salary. About half of his time was spent in bidding and securing contracts, and the other half was spent in general administrative matters. Required: 1. Classify the costs in the income statement as (1) costs of laying pipe (production costs), (2) costs of securing contracts (selling costs), or (3) costs of general administration. For production costs, identify direct materials, direct labor, and overhead costs. The company never has significant work in process (most jobs are started and completed within a day). 2. Assume that a significant driver is equipment hours. Identify the expenses that would likely be traced to jobs using this driver. Explain why you feel these costs are traceable using equipment hours. What is the cost per equipment hour for these traceable costs?arrow_forward
- Product costing and decision analysis for a service company Blue Star Airline provides passenger airline service, using small jets. The airline connects four major cities: Charlotte, Pittsburgh, Detroit, and San Francisco. The company expects to fly 170,000 miles during a month. The following costs are budgeted for a month: Blue Star management wishes to assign these costs to individual flights in order to gauge the profitability of its service offerings. The following activity bases were identified with the budgeted costs: The size of the companys ground operation in each city is determined by the size of the workforce. The following monthly data are available from corporate records for each terminal operation: Three recent representative flights have been selected for the profitability study. Their characteristics are as follows: Instructions Determine the fuel, crew, and depreciation cost per mile flown. Determine the cost per arrival or departure by terminal city. Use the information in (1) and (2) to construct a profitability report for the three flights. Each flight has a single arrival and departure to its origin and destination city pairs.arrow_forwardFlexible budgeting, performance measurement, and ethics Montevideo Manufacturing, Inc. produces a single type of small motor. The bookkeeper who does not have an in-depth understanding of accounting principles prepared the following performance report with the help of the production manager. In a conversation with the sales manager, the production manager was overheard saying, You sales guys really messed up our May performance, and it is only because production did such a great job controlling costs that we arent in even worse shape. Required: 1. Do you agree with the production manager that the manufacturing area did a good job of controlling costs? 2. Prepare a flexible budget for Montevideo Manufacturings expenses at the following activity levels: 45,000 units, 50,000 units, and 55,000 units. 3. Prepare a revised performance report, using the most appropriate flexible budget from (2) above. 4. Now what is your response to the production managers claim? 5. Assume that you have just been hired as the new accountant. You observe that the production manager is about to receive a large bonus based on the favorable materials, labor, and factory overhead variances indicated in the flexible budget prepared by the bookkeeper. Using the IMA Statement of Ethical Professional Practice as your guide, what standards, if any, apply to your responsibilities in this matter?arrow_forwardThe following information is available for Division X of Weingarten Enterprises: Selling price to outside customers $74 Variable cost per unit $60 Total fixed costs $330,000 Capacity in units 29,000 Division Y would like to purchase internally from Division X. Division Y now purchases 4,400 units each year from other companies at $71 per unit. Division X has enough excess capacity to handle all of Division Y’s needs. From the perspective of the Division X manager, what is the lowest price that should be accepted for units transferred to Division Y? ________arrow_forward
- Activity-Based Customer-Driven Costs Suppose that Stillwater Designs has two classes of distributors: JIT distributors and non-JIT distributors. The JIT distributor places small, frequent orders, and the non-JIT distributor tends to place larger, less frequent orders. Both types of distributors are buying the same product. Stillwater Designs provides the following information about customer-related activities and costs for the most recent quarter: JIT Non-JIT Distributors Distributors Sales orders 1,000 100 Sales calls 70 70 Service calls 350 175 Average order size 650 6,500 Manufacturing cost/unit $125 $125 Customer costs: Processing sales orders $3,230,000 Selling goods 1,120,000 Servicing goods 1,050,000 Total $5,400,000 Required: 1. Calculate the total revenues per distributor category, and assign the customer costs to each distributor type by using revenues as the allocation base. Selling price for one unit is ŝ150. Round calculations to the nearest dollar. JIT Non-JIT Sales (in…arrow_forwardQuestion 4 A). Briefly discuss the difference between traditional costing and activity-based costing ( B). TruValue Company uses flexible budget to control its selling expenses. Monthly sales are expected to range from $170,000 to $200,000. Variable costs and their percentage relationship to sales are sales commission 6%, advertising 4%, traveling 3% and delivery 2%. Fixed selling expenses will consist of sales salaries $35,000, depreciation on delivery equipment $7,000, and insurance on delivery equipment $1,000. The actual selling expenses incurred in March, 2023 are: Variable Expenses Sales commission Advertising Travel Delivery $11,000 6,900 5,100 3,450 Fixed Expenses $35,000 Sales salaries Depreciation Insurance 7,000 1,000 a) Prepare a monthly flexible budget for each $10,000 increment of sales within the relevant range for the year ending December 31, 2023. b) Prepare a flexible budget performance report for March, assuming that March sales were $170,000. c) Comment on the…arrow_forwardProblem 7-21 (Algo) Segment Reporting and Decision-Making [LO7-4] Vulcan Company's contribution format income statement for June is as follows: Sales Variable expenses Contribution margin Fixed expenses Net operating income Vulcan Company Income Statement For the Month Ended June 30 Management is disappointed with the company's performance and is wondering what can be done to improve profits. By examining sales and cost records, you have determined the following: a. The company is divided into two sales territories-Northern and Southern. The Northern Territory recorded $400,000 in sales and $180,000 in variable expenses during June; the remaining sales and variable expenses were recorded in the Southern Territory. Fixed expenses of $208,000 and $125,000 are traceable to the Northern and Southern Territories, respectively. The rest of the fixed expenses are common to the two territories. b. The company is the exclusive distributor for two products-Paks and Tibs. Sales of Paks and Tibs…arrow_forward
- Cost-Based Pricingand Markups with Variable CostsCompu Services provides computerized inventory consulting. The office and computer expenses are $600,000 annually and are not assigned to specific jobs. The consulting hours available for the year total 20,000, and the average consulting hour has $30 of variable costs.(a) If the company desires a profit of $160,000, what should it charge per hour?$Answer(b) What is the markup on variable costs if the desired profit is $240,000?Answer %(c) If the desired profit is $60,000, what is the markup on variable costs to cover (1) unassigned costs and (2) desired profit?Markup to cover unassigned costs Answer %Markup to cover desired profits Answer %arrow_forwardHoward Cooper, the president of Walton Computer Services, needs your help. He wonders about the potential effects on the firm's net income if he changes the service rate that the firm charges its customers. The following basic data pertain to fiscal Year Standard rate and variable costs Service rate per hour Labor cost Overhead cost Selling, general, and administrative cost Expected fixed costs Facility maintenance Selling, general, and administrative $63.00 31.00 5.55 3.40 $ 317,000 122,000 Required: a. Prepare the pro forma income statement that would appear in the master budget if the firm expects to provide 32,000 hours of services in Year 1. b. A marketing consultant suggests to Mr. Cooper that the service rate may affect the number of service hours that the firm can achieve. According to the consultant's analysis, if Walton charges customers $58 per hour, the firm can achieve 35,000 hours of services. Prepare a flexible budget using the consultant's assumption. c. The same…arrow_forwardThe South Division of Wiig Company reported the following data for the current year. Sales Variable costs Controllable fixed costs Average operating assets 1. 2. 3. Top management is unhappy with the investment center's return on investment (ROI). It asks the manager of the South Division to submit plans to improve ROI in the next year. The manager believes it is feasible to consider the following independent courses of action. Return on Investment $2,950,000 1,947,000 Increase sales by $300,000 with no change in the contribution margin percentage. Reduce variable costs by $155,000. Reduce average operating assets by 4%. Action 1 595,000 (a) Compute the return on investment (ROI) for the current year. (Round ROI to 2 decimal places, e.g. 1.57%.) Action 2 5,000,000 Action 3 (b) Using the ROI formula, compute the ROI under each of the proposed courses of action. (Round ROI to 2 decimal places, e.g. 1.57%.) Return on investment do % % % %arrow_forward
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