Foundations of Astronomy
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079151
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 38RQ
To determine
Whether the radio waves from distance galaxies to be deflected near the Sun or not and its reasoning.
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The special theory of relativity has what effect on measurements done today? (a) None whatsoever, because any correction would be negligible. (b) We need to consider the effects of relativity when objects move close to the speed of light. (c) We should always make a correction for relativity because Newton’s laws are basically wrong. (d) It doesn’t matter, because we can’t make measurements where relativity would matter.
The formula relating speed, frequency, and wavelength of electromagnetic waves, v =fλ, was known before relativity was developed. Relativity has not changed this equation, but it has added a new feature to it. What is that feature?
In the context of relativity, what is an "event"? Give a specific example of an event and provide the coordinates necessary to specify the event.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Foundations of Astronomy
Ch. 5 - According to the Aristotle, if earth and water...Ch. 5 - Today, what do we call the Aristotelean violent...Ch. 5 - Which of Keplers or Newtons laws best describes...Ch. 5 - Why would Aristotles explanation of gravity not...Ch. 5 - According to the principles of Aristotle, what...Ch. 5 - If you drop a feather and a steel hammer at the...Ch. 5 - What is the difference between mass and weight?Ch. 5 - When a person says he gained weight, does he mean...Ch. 5 - An astronaut working in space near the...Ch. 5 - What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Ch. 5 - A car is on a circular off ramp of an interstate...Ch. 5 - How many accelerators does a car have? What are...Ch. 5 - You put your astronomy textbook and your No. 2...Ch. 5 - An astronaut is in space with a baseball and a...Ch. 5 - You are at a red light in your car. The red light...Ch. 5 - You weigh 100 pounds, your friend weighs 200...Ch. 5 - Why did Newton conclude that some force had to...Ch. 5 - Why did Newton conclude that gravity has to be...Ch. 5 - Prob. 19RQCh. 5 - You are sitting next to a person who has twice as...Ch. 5 - You are sitting next to a person who has twice as...Ch. 5 - You are sitting next to a person who has twice as...Ch. 5 - How does the concept of a field explain action at...Ch. 5 - Why cant a spacecraft go beyond Earths gravity?Ch. 5 - Prob. 25RQCh. 5 - Balance a pencil lengthwise on the side of your...Ch. 5 - Prob. 27RQCh. 5 - Why cant you leave Earths gravitational field when...Ch. 5 - According to Keplers first law, planets move in...Ch. 5 - How do planets orbiting the Sun and skaters doing...Ch. 5 - If a planet were to slowly migrate inward toward...Ch. 5 - If you hold this textbook out at shoulder height...Ch. 5 - Today at the beach you see the highest of all high...Ch. 5 - Why is the period of an open orbit undefined?Ch. 5 - In what conditions do Newtons laws of motion and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 36RQCh. 5 - When you ride a fast elevator upward, you feel...Ch. 5 - Prob. 38RQCh. 5 - How is gravity related to acceleration? Are all...Ch. 5 - Near a massive planet, is gravitational...Ch. 5 - Prob. 41RQCh. 5 - How Do We Know? Why is it important that a theory...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1DQCh. 5 - Prob. 2DQCh. 5 - Prob. 3DQCh. 5 - Prob. 4DQCh. 5 - Prob. 5DQCh. 5 - Prob. 6DQCh. 5 - Prob. 7DQCh. 5 - An astronomy textbook is to be dropped from a tall...Ch. 5 - Compared to the strength of Earths gravity at its...Ch. 5 - Compare the force of gravity on a 1 kg mass on the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4PCh. 5 - The International Space Station is in orbit around...Ch. 5 - If a small lead ball falls from a high tower on...Ch. 5 - What is the circular velocity of an Earth...Ch. 5 - What is the circular velocity of an Earth...Ch. 5 - What is the orbital speed at Earths surface?...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10PCh. 5 - Prob. 11PCh. 5 - Describe the shape of the orbit followed by the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 13PCh. 5 - Prob. 14PCh. 5 - Prob. 15PCh. 5 - Prob. 16PCh. 5 - A moon of Jupiter takes 1.8 days to orbit at a...Ch. 5 - Why can the object shown here be bolted in place...Ch. 5 - What is the flux at position 2 compared to...Ch. 5 - Why is it a little bit misleading to say that this...
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- If general relativity offers the best description of what happens in the presence of gravity, why do physicists still make use of Newton’s equations in describing gravitational forces on Earth (when building a bridge, for example)?arrow_forwardIt is said that Einstein, in his teenage years, asked the question, What would I see in a mirror if I carried it in my hands and ran at the speed of light? How would you answer this question?arrow_forwardIf you use an Earth based telescope to project a laser beam onto the moon, you can move the spot across the moon's surface at a velocity greater than the speed of light Does this violate modern relativity? (Note that light is being sent from the Earth to the moon, not across the surface of the moon.)arrow_forward
- To whom does an object seem greater in length, an observer moving with the object or an observer moving relative to the object? Which observer measures the object's proper length?arrow_forwardYou are driving on a freeway at a relativistic speed. Straight ahead of you, a technician standing on the ground turns on a searchlight and a beam of light moves exactly vertically upward, as seen by the technician. As you observe the beam of light, you measure the magnitude of the vertical component of its velocity as (a) equal to c, (b) greater than c, or (c) less than c. If the technician aims the searchlight directly at you instead of upward, you measure the magnitude of the horizontal component of its velocity as (d) equal to c, (e) greater than c, or (f) less than c.arrow_forwardShow that the equation is invariant under a Lorentz transformation but not under a Galilean transformation. (This is the wave equation that describes the propagation of light waves in free space.)arrow_forward
- How does the equivalence principle lead us to suspect that spacetime might be curved?arrow_forwardA cosmic particle is traveling with a speed 0.77 times the speed of light. What is the Lorenz factor for the particle? (note: round your answer to two significant figures)arrow_forwardAstronomers determine that a particular star in our galaxy is moving toward Earth at a speed of 716.0 km/s with respect to the Earth. If Earth receives a wavelength ? = 689.6 nm from this star, what was the wavelength emitted by the star?arrow_forward
- When a laser beam is projected onto the Moon from an Earth-based telescope, the spot may travel faster than light over the Moon's surface. Is this a violation of current relativity theory? Rather of traveling over the Moon's surface, light is being delivered from Earth to the Moon.)arrow_forwardYou take a round trip to the star Sirius, a distance of 8.6 light years away, on board a spacecraft traveling at 99% the speed of light. When you return to Earth, 17.2 years have elapsed on Earth. But due to Einstein's theory of relativity, you will have aged by 172 years 24 years 2.4 years 17.2 years The fastest space probe currently flying (perhaps one of the Voyagers) might be able to reach a nearby star system in about 50,000 years 5,000 years 50 years 500 years Elon Musk of Space-X plans to send a human crew to the nearby Proxima Centauri star system by 2050. True Falsearrow_forwardThe farthest objects in our Universe discovered by modern astronomers are so distant that light emitted by them takes billions of years to reach the Earth. These objects (known as quasars) have many puzzling features, which have not yet been satisfactorily explained. What is the distance in km of a quasar from which light takes 3.0 billion years to reach us ?arrow_forward
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