ETEXT CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS INSTANT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135964422
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5, Problem 3TYU
Phosphorylation cascades involving a series of protein kinases are useful for cellular signal transduction because
- A. they are species specific.
- B. they always lead to the same cellular response.
- C. they amplify the original signal manyfold.
- D. they counter the harmful effects of phosphatases.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
ETEXT CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS INSTANT
Ch. 5.1 - Plasma membrane proteins have carbohydrates...Ch. 5.1 - WHAT IF? How would the membrane lipid composition...Ch. 5.2 - What property allows O2 and CO2, to cross a lipid...Ch. 5.2 - Why is a transport protein needed to move many...Ch. 5.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Aquaporins exclude passage of...Ch. 5.3 - How do you think a cell performing cellular...Ch. 5.3 - WHAT IF? If a Paramecium caudatum cell swims from...Ch. 5.4 - Sodium-potassium pumps help nerve cells establish...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the characteristics of the...
Ch. 5.5 - As a cell grows, its plasma membrane expands. Does...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In Concept 4.7, you learned that...Ch. 5.6 - During an epinephrine-initiated signal in liver...Ch. 5.6 - When a signal transduction pathway involves a...Ch. 5.6 - WHAT IF? How can a target cells response to a...Ch. 5 - In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell...Ch. 5 - Which of the following factors would tend to...Ch. 5 - Phosphorylation cascades involving a series of...Ch. 5 - Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as...Ch. 5 - Which of the following processes includes all the...Ch. 5 - Based on Figure 5.17.which of these experimental...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 5 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Extensive...Ch. 5 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Paramecium and other...Ch. 5 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS A human pancreatic cell...Ch. 5 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE In the supermarket,...
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- The activation of receptor tyrosine kinases is characterized by a. dimerization and phosphorylation b. a phosphorylation cascade c. channel protein shape change d. GTP hydrolysisarrow_forwardFor cellular transduction, why is it useful that phosphorylation cascades have a series of protein kinases? a. they amplify the original signal b. they always lead to the same cellular response c. the number of molecules used is small and fixed d. they are cell specificarrow_forwardMany different cellular processes are regulated by GTP binding proteins - a kind of molecular switch. Their activity is regulated by their GTP/GDP binding status. Select the correct function and activity of Rab-GTP. O A. Rab in its GTP bound state is active and able to participate in vesicle transport B. Rab in its GTP bound state is inactive and prevents vesicle transport O C. Rab in its GTP bound state is active and prevents vesicle transport O D. Rab in its GTP bound state is inactive and able participate in vesicle transportarrow_forward
- A cell has epinephrine receptors, yet is unable to respond to epinephrine signaling. One possible reason is: A. The cell has no DNA. B. The cell is missing a functional G-protein or adenylyl cyclase. C. All of the epinephrine receptors are on the cell’s surface. (They’re supposed to be in the cytoplasm!) D. Both A and C.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are methods of cellular signaling? Select one: a. All the answers are correct. b. Connections through fibers of the ECM from one cell to another c. Ligand binding to a receptor in the cell membrane d. Desmosomes ‘pulling’ one cell to another e. Lipid or gas ligand binding to an intracellular receptorarrow_forwardReceptor downregulation often occurs via endocytosis as a means of turning off a signaling pathway. How does receptor- mediated endocytosis result in turning off signaling? O A. Receptor-mediated endocytosis shuts off signaling through polyubiquitination and degradation of the receptor by the proteasome. B. It doesn't. Signaling continues until the endosome fuses with the lysosome. ) C. Signaling is shut off rapidly through the budding of endosomes into themselves forming multivesicular bodies. This sequesters the cytoplasmic tail from intracellular signaling proteins. D. Receptor-mediated endocytosis shuts off signaling by sorting receptors to recycling endosomes.arrow_forward
- A hormone signals through a G protein-coupled receptor as shown in the diagram. After the production of IP3, which of these events will MOST quickly stop the transduction of the signal? A. the hydrolysis of IP3 B. the hydrolysis of GTP C. the hydrolysis of PIP2 D. the hydrolysis of the hormone I believe the answer is (B) the hydrolysisof GTP, because the G protein becomes inactive after GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP. However, the solution provided by Bartleby is (C). Please explain. Thanksarrow_forwardIdentify which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a. A signalling pathway called MAPK/ERK pathway regulates protein translation. b. 2. Two enzymes are phosphorylated by protein kinase A. c. Under normal conditions, cells can divide even without signals from other cells.arrow_forwardWhich of the following elements may be in the transduction part of cell signaling? Select one: a. A phosphatase b. A kinase c. cyclin AMP d. ions e. All answers are correctarrow_forward
- Which of the following signaling mechanisms is not a switch mechanism? a. Changes in phosphorylation state b. Binding of GTP c. Binding of Ca2+ ion d. Protease activityarrow_forwardSignal transduction pathways benefit cells for all of the following reasons except : a. they enable different cells to respond appropriately to the same signal. b. they can amplify and diversify a signal. c. they help cells use up phosphate generated by ATP breakdown. d. they help cells respond to signal molecules that are too large or too polar to cross the plasma membranearrow_forwardThe hypothesis for the experiment shown in the picture  is that the TamC3 and TamR3 cell lines function, and grow the absence of estrogen, receptor function. Reduced reliance on estrogen, receptor signaling alters mTOR pathway activity. If this hypothesis is true, then mediators of mTOR signaling (Akt or p70S6K) should have reduced levels of phosphorylation . A. Where would you look to see this? B. To what degree does the data in the picture support the hypothesis?arrow_forward
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