Chapter 5, Problem 80CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of compound 1L has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The stereoisomerism is the arrangement of atoms in molecules whose connectivity remains the same but their arrangement in different in each isomer.

The two molecules are described as stereoisomers if they are made of the same atoms connected in the same sequence, but the atoms are positions differently in space.

Enantiomers: These are stereoisomers that are not superimposable mirror images of each other and the configurations at all stereo genic centers are exactly opposite.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of possible stereomisomers for the given glucuronolactone 1D molecule has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The stereoisomerism is the arrangement of atoms in molecules whose connectivity remains the same but their arrangement in different in each isomer.

The two molecules are described as stereoisomers if they are made of the same atoms connected in the same sequence, but the atoms are positions differently in space.

Chiral center: A chiral center is defined as the tetrahedral carbon atom in an organic molecule that is connected to four non-identical groups/substituents. It is sometimes known as a stereo genic center.

$\begin{array}{l}Totalnumberofstereoisomers=2^n\\ "n"isthenumberofchiralcarbons\end{array}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures of eight chiral products (as pairs of enatiomers) and the two achiral products have to be drawn for the given compound.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality: The geometric property of molecules where the structure of the molecule and its mirror image are not superimposable is known as chirality. Chiral molecules are optically active and they can rotate the plane polarized light.

An achiral carbon is a carbon having two or more identical groups around it

Enantiomers: These are stereoisomers that are not superimposable mirror images of each other and the configurations at all stereo genic centers are exactly opposite.

Diastereomers: These are stereoisomers that are not enantiomers of one another. They have different physical properties so that they are viewed as different chemical substances.

Meso compounds are molecules with multiple stereocenters that are superimposable on its mirror image. Meso compounds are achiral compounds and optically inactive.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

According to the given informations, four of the products can theoretically be prepared from either reactant, 1D or 1L. the four compounds has to be identified with a proper explanation.

Concept Introduction:

An achiral carbon is a carbon having two or more identical groups around it

Enantiomers: These are stereoisomers that are not superimposable mirror images of each other and the configurations at all stereo genic centers are exactly opposite.

Diastereomers: These are stereoisomers that are not enantiomers of one another. They have different physical properties so that they are viewed as different chemical substances.

Meso compounds are molecules with multiple stereocenters that are superimposable on its mirror image. Meso compounds are achiral compounds and optically inactive.