Loose Leaf Biology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780077496753
Author: Peter Raven, George Johnson, Kenneth Mason, Jonathan Losos, Susan Singer
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 51, Problem 2A
In comparing T-cell receptors and immunoglobulins
a. the proteins have unrelated structures, but diversity is generated by a similar mechanism.
b. the proteins have related structures, but diversity is generated by different mechanisms.
c. the proteins have related structures, and diversity is generated by a similar mechanism.
d. the proteins have unrelated structures, and diversity is generated by different mechanisms.
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A good example of molecular mimicry is
a. Decreased number of regulatory T cells in aging.
b. The release of antigen sites of immune privilege.
c The immune system attacks autoantigens because they are similar to bacterial antigens.
d. Similarities between the shape of immune cells and pathogens.
Which of the following can be answered by
immunohistochemistry? Select all that apply.
a. Whether BDNF binds to NF200
b. Whether transcription occurs in GFAP-
expressing cells
c. Whether BDNF is found in GFAP-expressing
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d. Whether newly transcribed BDNF MRNA is
detectable in a tissue slice
In which of the following ways are T-cell receptors distinct from immunoglobulins? (Select all that apply.)
a. T-cell receptors are generated through somatic recombination.
b. The T-cell repertoire encompasses a very large degree of diversity.
c. T-cell receptors are never secreted subsequent to antigen encounter.
d. The variable region of T-cell receptors contains complementarity-determining regions that interact with antigen.
e. T-cell receptors are used solely for the purpose of antigen recognition and not for effector function.
Chapter 51 Solutions
Loose Leaf Biology
Ch. 51 - Cells that target and kill body cells infected by...Ch. 51 - Structures on invading cells recognized by the...Ch. 51 - Which one of the following acts as the alarm...Ch. 51 - Prob. 4UCh. 51 - Receptors that trigger innate immune responses a....Ch. 51 - Diseases in which the persons immune system no...Ch. 51 - Suppose that a new disease is discovered that...Ch. 51 - You start a new job in a research lab. The lab...Ch. 51 - In comparing T-cell receptors and immunoglobulins...Ch. 51 - If you have type AB blood, which of the following...
Ch. 51 - Suppose that you get a paper cut while studying....Ch. 51 - If you wanted to cure allergies by bioengineering...Ch. 51 - Why do we need to be repeatedly vaccinated for...Ch. 51 - Prob. 7ACh. 51 - Suppose you take a job in the marketing department...Ch. 51 - Prob. 2SCh. 51 - Prob. 3SCh. 51 - Toll-like receptors have been found in a wide...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- (1) In antibody structure, where are can we find unique variable domains? A. at the tip of each polypeptide chain B. on the stem region of the antibody C. at the bottom of each polypeptide chain D. only on immunoglobulin E (2) The stem region of the antibody determines the: A. general immunological mechanism of action B. specific inflammatory response C. specific immunological mechnism of action D. shape of the variable domains (3) Antibodies are proteins that consists of ------ polypeptides in a ------ shaped structure. A. three, X B. four, Y C. five, clover D. two, Yarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about T cells is false? a. Helper T cells release cytokines while cytotoxic T cells kill the infected cell. b. Helper T cells are CD4+, while cytotoxic T cells are CD8+. c. MHC II is a receptor found on most body cells, while MHC I is a receptor found on immune cells only. d. The T cell receptor is found on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.arrow_forwardWhy is a cell-mediated immune response more effective against intracellular microorganisms (such as viruses) than an antibody-mediated response? Select one: a. Cell-mediated (vs. antibody-mediated) response results in activation of many more immune cells, so it is more effective at destroying antigens. b. Intracellular microorganisms are too large for antibodies to be effective against. c. Cell-mediated response results in destruction of cells containing the intracellular microorganism; antibodies can not enter cells. d. Intracellular microorganisms are too small for antibodies to be effective against.arrow_forward
- 277. Which of the following best describes the reason that the B cell receptor cannot transduce signals to the inside the cell once it binds antigen? A. The receptor requires twice the amount of antigen to be activated because it contains two sites. antigen binding b. lga is rapidly dephosphorylated c. The cytoplasmic domain of the receptor consists of 3 amino acids. d. Immunoglobulins (Ig) are inflexible moleculesarrow_forwardWhich of the following might explain why some individuals lack the ability to make enough T-cells? a. A mutation in a gene necessary for T-cell fucntions that prevents Exportin from binding to mRNA b. A mutation in the core promoter of a specific gene necessary for T-cell functions c. A mutation in a gene necessary for T-cell fucntions that prevents N-linked glycosylation d. A mutation in a gene necessary for T-cell fucntions that leads to a change in a splice site e. Any of these is possiblearrow_forwardAn MHC class II/antigen complex on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) binds to a T-cell receptor. What results from this interaction? Select one: a. Other immune cells are stimulated to respond to the antigen. b. Other immune cells are inhibited. c. The T cell responds by directly destroying the APC. d. The antigen is phagocytized by the T cell.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is false about innate immune receptors? A. They are encoded by intact genes inherited through the germline and are deployed non-clonally. B. They include pattern recognition receptors C. They are encoded by genes assembled from individual gene segment and clonally distributed. D. They recognize foreign molecules on microbes. E. none of the abovearrow_forwardAntibodies against a specific antigen can be injected into a person to provide passive immunity. For which reason is this NOT as effective as the process of vaccination with that antigen? Select one: a. Injection of antibodies may cause allergic reactions, while vaccination never causes allergic reactions. b. Injection of antibodies does not provide long-lasting immunity, and vaccination with antigens triggers a clonal selection of B cells and cytotoxic T cells. c. Vaccination with antigens triggers a clonal selection of B cells and cytotoxic T cells. d. Injection of antibodies does not provide long-lasting immunity. e. Injection of antibodies does not provide long-lasting immunity and may cause allergic reactions, while vaccination never causes allergic reactions.arrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. T cells are differentiated into two groups based on their glycoproteins CD4 or CD8. Which of the following is true of CD4 T cells? a. They become cytotoxic T cells. b. The become antigen presenting cells. c. They become T helper cells. d. They become plasma cells.arrow_forward
- Adaptive immunity includes both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, which interact but also have distinct roles in adaptive immunity. Identify the example of a strictly cell-mediated immune response. A. A cytotoxic T cell destroys an infected host cell. B. A helper T cell activates a B cell. C. A B cell gives rise to plasma cells, which release antibodies. D. An antigen is taken in by an antigen-presenting cell.arrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. Allergens differ from antigens because a. Allergens produce an abnormally large immune response to what is an otherwise harmless particle. b. Allergens do not involve the leucocytes, they simple stimulate the inflammatory response. c. Allergens are only active seasonally and are generally harmless to the body. d. Allergens are primarily plant derived while antigens are bacterial or viral in nature.arrow_forwardWhat is the predicted outcome if a patient receives an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant from a family member, and then receives a kidney transplant several months later from the same donor? a. Acute kidney rejection because the patient’s hematopoietic system has been fully reconstituted with patient-derived alloreactive T cells and NK cells. b. Graft-versus-host disease mediated by alloreactive T cells in the transplanted kidney. c. Secondary immune response by patient-derived memory T lymphocytes that were initially activated by the hematopoietic cell transplant. d. The patient is tolerant to alloantigens on the kidney graft and does not require long-term immunosuppressive drugs.arrow_forward
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