IUPAC name of the given alkene has to be given and the configuration has to be specified by the E, Z system. Concept Introduction: IUPAC nomenclature : • Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name. • Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers. • Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix. • Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose. Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes . The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers. E configuration: The geometric isomers are given E configuration if high priority groups are placed on opposite sides of the bond. Z configuration: The geometric isomers are given Z configuration if high priority groups are placed on same sides of the bond.

Question

Assign E or Z stereochemistry to each of the following alkenes, and convert each drawing into a skeletal structure (red = 0, yellow-green = Cl). (a) (b)

Answer 1

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 5.2, Problem 5.5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name of the given alkene has to be given and the configuration has to be specified by the E, Z system.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

• Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

• Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

• Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

• Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

E configuration: The geometric isomers are given E configuration if high priority groups are placed on opposite sides of the bond.

Z configuration: The geometric isomers are given Z configuration if high priority groups are placed on same sides of the bond.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name of the given alkene has to be given and the configuration has to be specified by the E, Z system.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

• Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

• Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

• Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

• Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

E configuration: The geometric isomers are given E configuration if high priority groups are placed on opposite sides of the bond.

Z configuration: The geometric isomers are given Z configuration if high priority groups are placed on same sides of the bond.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name of the given alkene has to be given and the configuration has to be specified by the E, Z system.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

• Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

• Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

• Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

• Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

E configuration: The geometric isomers are given E configuration if high priority groups are placed on opposite sides of the bond.

Z configuration: The geometric isomers are given Z configuration if high priority groups are placed on same sides of the bond.

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Assign E or Z stereochemistry to each of the following alkenes, and convert each drawing into a skeletal structure (red = 0, yellow-green = Cl). (a) (b)

Rank by the stability of the alkene isomers. The most stable isomer is 1, while the least stable isomer is 5. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

(d) When butane, CH3CH2CH2CH3 and bromine gas, Br2 is exposed to sunlight, monobrominated product are produced. The reaction equation is given below: uv CH;CH,CH,CH3 + Br2 A + B (i) State the type of reaction. (ii) What is the function of the sunlight in the reaction? (iii) Draw the structure of monosubstituted products, A and B. Label the major product. (iv) Draw the propagation steps in the mechanism for the formation of the major product.

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 5.2, Problem 5.5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name of the given alkene has to be given and the configuration has to be specified by the E, Z system.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

• Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

• Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

• Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

• Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

E configuration: The geometric isomers are given E configuration if high priority groups are placed on opposite sides of the bond.

Z configuration: The geometric isomers are given Z configuration if high priority groups are placed on same sides of the bond.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name of the given alkene has to be given and the configuration has to be specified by the E, Z system.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

• Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

• Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

• Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

• Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

E configuration: The geometric isomers are given E configuration if high priority groups are placed on opposite sides of the bond.

Z configuration: The geometric isomers are given Z configuration if high priority groups are placed on same sides of the bond.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name of the given alkene has to be given and the configuration has to be specified by the E, Z system.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

• Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

• Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

• Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

• Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

E configuration: The geometric isomers are given E configuration if high priority groups are placed on opposite sides of the bond.

Z configuration: The geometric isomers are given Z configuration if high priority groups are placed on same sides of the bond.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 5.2, Problem 5.5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name of the given alkene has to be given and the configuration has to be specified by the E, Z system.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

• Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

• Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

• Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

• Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

E configuration: The geometric isomers are given E configuration if high priority groups are placed on opposite sides of the bond.

Z configuration: The geometric isomers are given Z configuration if high priority groups are placed on same sides of the bond.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name of the given alkene has to be given and the configuration has to be specified by the E, Z system.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

• Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

• Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

• Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

• Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

E configuration: The geometric isomers are given E configuration if high priority groups are placed on opposite sides of the bond.

Z configuration: The geometric isomers are given Z configuration if high priority groups are placed on same sides of the bond.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name of the given alkene has to be given and the configuration has to be specified by the E, Z system.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC nomenclature:

• Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

• Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

• Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

• Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

The systematic name of alkenes are written by replacing “ane” of alkane with the suffix name “ene”. Numbering of the main chain should be in such away that alkene group must get lowest possible numbers.

E configuration: The geometric isomers are given E configuration if high priority groups are placed on opposite sides of the bond.

Z configuration: The geometric isomers are given Z configuration if high priority groups are placed on same sides of the bond.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 5.2, Problem 5.5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction