EBK LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 8220103935432
Author: Sadava
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 55.4, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason due to which the interaction between the plant’s species and insect pollinators and animal has evolved to be an obligate mutualistic relationship.
Introduction:
The mutualistic interactions between the flowering plants that cannot move and the mobile animal species help in pollinating flowers and also in the dispersal of their offspring. The interactions can either be highly specialized or very general and facultative.
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Provide a full explanation for the adaptive radiation of insects and coevolution of insects and angiosperms (flowering plants) included pollination syndrome example. 
Mutualism often involves co-evolution of mutualists. Describe taking the example of animal plant (wasp-fig) relationship.
Long-term fertilization of plant communities often results in increased species richness.
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- Explain the importance of pollinator constancy to the flower. Why is environmental filtering so crucial to community structure? What roles do competitive exclusion and character displacement play in community structure?arrow_forwardIn response to warmer spring temperatures, a plant species is flowering earlier in the year than it would have historically. However, its primary pollinator, the bumblebee, has not been as responsive to temperature changes and continues to emerge at the same time as usual. As a result, peak floral displays have finished prior to pollinator emergence. This change in plant-pollinator interactions is an example of: a.Uncoupling of interdependent species b.Sympatric speciation c.Heterochrony d.Interspecific evolutionarrow_forwardWhat role do microbial symbionts play in shaping the ecological interactions between plants and insects?arrow_forward
- The following graph depicts the relationship between the mean flower depth of Zaluzianskya microsiphon plants and the proboscis length of its long-tonged fly Disa nivea pollinator in a specific region. Zaluzianskya microsiphon O Disa nivea 60- 50 40- 30 20- 10 10 20 30 40 50 Mean fly proboscis length (mm) Based on this correlation, do you think these two species are coevolving? Why or why not? And based on the geographic mosaic theory, would you consider the region were the plants and flies live a cold or a hot spot? Explain your answer. Mean flower depth (mm)arrow_forwardExplain why humans follow a Type I survivorship curve, birds follow a Type II survivorship curve, and angiosperms follow a Type III survivorship curve. How do the traits of these species produce the associated survivorship curve? do not copy from cheggarrow_forwardIf two plant species have similar dispersal and competitive abilities, what factor might help determine which species occupies an early seral stage?arrow_forward
- Is seed dispersal by ants an example of coevolution? Why or why not?arrow_forwardOver evolutionary time, Yucca moths developed a specialist mutualism with Yucca plants. Select all the statements that reflect EITHER costs or benefits of forming this specialist mutualism The highly specialized relationship with Yuccas and Yucca Moths reduces potential competition with other pollinators The highly specialized relationship with Yuccas and Yucca Moths increases potential competition with other pollinators Yucca moths can become locally extinct if Yucca plants are removed or die The fitness of Yucca plants would be dramatically reduced if a pesticide was sprayed killing Yucca moths none of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements most accurately describes the example of species interactions for ants, plants and aphids Question 2 options: The burdock plant is negatively affected by a heavy aphid investation, the ants are negatively affected by the aphids and aphids are positively affected by the ants. The burdock plant is negatively affected by a heavy aphid investation, the ants are positively affected by the aphids and aphids are not affected by the ants The burdock plant is negatively affected by a heavy aphid investation, the ants are positively affected by the aphids and aphids are positively affected by the ants. The burdock plant is not affected by a heavy aphid investation, the ants are positively affected by the aphids and aphids are positively affected by the ants.arrow_forward
- For the article "Effects of an invasive predator cascade to plants via mutualism disruption" (https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14557) answer the following points: - Summarize the results - What did the author(s) conclude about the question or pattern based on the data? - What are the strengths/weaknesses of the study? What might you do as a follow-up?arrow_forwardHow econmically and ecologically important pollinators are?arrow_forwardIn wild columbine, flower morphology encourages crosspollination. However, during the middle of the receptive period of the stigma, self-pollination can occur if the flower was not previously pollinated. If cross-pollination occurs after selfpollination, then that pollen reaches the base of the style before the self-pollen. Discuss the adaptive significance of this reproduction strategy.arrow_forward
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