Concept explainers
To review:
The addition or removal of phosphate groups from ATP is a fully reversible reaction, and the way this reversibility facilitates the use of ATP as a coupling agent for cellular reactions.
Introduction:
There are two types of reactions in all cells, anabolic and catabolic: Anabolic reaction (formation of large complex from simple ones) is an endergonic reaction with positive ∆G (change in free energy), which requires energy to form a big complex. This energy is provided by ATP (adenosine try phosphate), which is formed in the cell during catabolic reaction (break down of a complex molecule to form new small molecules). The exergonic reactions with negative ∆G release energy and this energy is stored in the form of ATP in the cell.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 6 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- Which of the following statement regarding enzymes is false? a.) they speed up reaction rates b.) they work within narrow temperature and pH ranges c.) The active site binds the substarate d.) They are consumed in the reactions they catalyzearrow_forwardAssume you have a solution of reactions with an enzyme. You decided to apply heat to further “increase” the rate of reaction. However, after heating, you observed that the rate of reaction decreased, the enzymes’ activity decreased, which is the opposite of what you have expected. Explain what happened. Discuss what happens when the solution contains a high concentration of substrates.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is/are true about enzyme-catalyzed reactions? A. The reaction is faster than the same reaction. B. The free energy change of the reaction is opposite from the reaction in the absence of the enzymes. C. The reaction always goes in the direction toward chemical equilibrium. D. A and B only E. A, B and Carrow_forward
- Ben is studying an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. In the reaction, H+ ions are formed. He found that after a specific time, the reaction stopped, even though there was still a lot of substrate available in the mixture. a) Propose a hypothesis to explain why the reaction stopped.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are correct about how enzymes accelerate chemical reactions (select all that apply)? A. Enzymes bind substrates to raise their effective concentration B. Enzymes enhance the rate of a chemical reaction C. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by destabilizing transition states D. Side chains of protein provide reactive groups that facilitate reaction E. Enzymes shift the equilibrium of a chemical reaction to favor product formationarrow_forwardIllustrate a coupled reaction, and explain the role of ATP in a coupled reaction.arrow_forward
- Briefly explain the concept of coupled reactions.arrow_forwardChemistry Choose reaction #6 or #10 in glycolysis and write out the complete reaction. Then, answer the following questions about this reaction. Explain your reasoning for each answer. a. Is it coupled? b. Is it catalyzed by a transferase or an oxidoreductase or neither? c. Is Q > or < or ≈ to K?arrow_forwardWhich of the following accurately describes how an enzyme functions? a. reduces the energy content of the products b. allows for the exothermic reaction of materials that are usually endothermic c. changes the reaction mechanism effectively reducing the activation energy d. shifts the equilibrium for the reactionarrow_forward
- Construct a hypothesis addressing the effect concentration will have on rate of reaction. What chemical reaction is being catalyzed in the experiment? Label the substrate(s), enzyme, and product(s). Did your actual results match your hypotheses? If not, why?arrow_forwardThere may be more than correct answer for each Which of the following statements regarding enzymes are correct? a.) Enzymes lower activation energy b.) Enzymes are synthesized in the mitochondria c.) Enzymes show a high degree of specificity for substrates. d.) Enzymes stabilize intermediates The ability of DNA to denature is important for which of the following processes? a.) DNA synthesis b.) nucleic acid hybridization experiments c.) RNA synthesis d.) formation of biomembranesarrow_forwardWhich of the following chemical reactions would occur most rapidly without an enzyme? Select one: a. An endergonic chemical reaction in the presence of ATP b. An endergonic chemical reaction without ATP c. An exergonic chemical reaction in a very hot environment d. An exergonic chemical reaction in a very cold environment e. All of the above would occur rapidlyarrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning