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A
a. Speculate about the process by which feeding antibiotics to animals such as cattle might lead to an increase in the number of antibiotic
b. How might the increase in antibiotic
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Pearson eText Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
- a) The use of artificial inorganic compounds (like arsenic) to kill agricultural pests took place: A. during stage 1 of pesticide practice in the United States (from the 1800s to the early 1900s) B. during stage 2 of pesticide practice in the United States (beginning in the 1930s) C. during stage 3 of pesticide practice in the United States (beginning in the 1940s) D. during stage 4 of pesticide practice in the United States (beginnin in the 1960s) E. all four of the above stages made equal use of artificial inorganic compounds b) Which of the following successional species would be able to grow the closest to a point source of heavy metal pollution (like the Sudbury smelters in Ontario, Canada)? A. long-lived species (like sugar maples) B. mature species (like oak trees) C. pioneer species (like grasses) D. intermediate species (like pine trees) E. all of the above will be equally able to grow close to a point source of heavy metal pollutantsarrow_forwardThe bacterium Agrobacterium infects plants and causes plant cells to develop tumorlike cellular structures and begin synthesizing sets of proteins that protect the bacterium from the plant immune response, as well as synthesize nutrients that can be used exclusively by the bacterium. Researchers testing the efficacy of two new antibiotic treatments against Agrobacterium are tasked with designing an experiment to test their effectiveness. Which of the following describes the most appropriate dependent variable in this experiment? A B с D the rate of infection the amount of treatment the number of formed tumors the rate of plant growtharrow_forwardResults from a Kirby Bauer antibiotic assay on a Gram-negative bacterial culture are described as follows: A) the bacterium is resistant to penicillin, an antibiotic that targets synthesis of the peptidoglycan cell wall and B) the bacterium is resistant to tetracycline, an antibiotic that targets the small subunit of the ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis. Which of the results represents intrinsic resistant and which represents acquired resistants?arrow_forward
- No MIC interpretive standards are given for penicillin G against E. coli. Which ONE of the following best describes why this is the case? Select one: A. E. coli are intrinsically resistant to penicillin G because the drug poorly traverses the outer membrane B. E. coli always have a small subset of cells within the bacterial population that are resistant to penicillin G C. E. coli are inherently resistant because they do not possess the target of penicillin G D. E. coli are naturally susceptible to penicillin G E. E. coli are intrinsically resistant to penicillin G due to the production of penicillinasesarrow_forwardA 65 year old patient undergoes a hernia repair surgery. He receives a polypropylene mesh implant that prevents hernia recurrence. The healing goes well, but four weeks after the surgery he develops fever and sense of discomfort at the surgery site. On a physical examination, there is skin redness and fluctuating mass (palpable mass filled with fluid) around the incision. The doctor suspects that mesh got infected and plans mesh removal surgery. 1) Describe the sequence of local events during wound healing after the implantation of the mesh. For each of the stages of the wound healing process, specify cells that are involved, their role(s), signal molecules that are involved, and their roles.arrow_forward10) If the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus experiences a cost for maintaining one or more antibiotic- resistance genes, what would happen in environments that lack antibiotics? A) These genes would be maintained in case the antibiotics appear. B) These bacteria would be outcompeted and replaced by bacteria that have lost these genes. C) These bacteria would try to make the cost worthwhile by locating and migrating to microenvironments where traces of antibiotics are present. D) The number of genes conveying antibiotic resistance would increase in these bacteria. 11) When nonrandom mating occurs in a population so that individuals prefer to mate with similar individuals, allele frequencies should A) remain the same, but homozygotes will be overrepresented in the population. B) remain the same, but heterozygotes will be overrepresented in the population. C) change and heterozygotes will be overrepresented in the population. D) change and homozygotes will be overrepresented in the…arrow_forward
- Regarding recombinant vaccines, it is INCORRECT to state that: (Only one statement corresponds to the answer) * (a) They are free from infectious viral particles, which increases safety in production and use (b) The development of recombinant vaccines is generally faster than conventional vaccines from inactivated or attenuated pathogens (c) Expansion of production scale is easier than conventional vaccines, since they are produced using fermentation methods in bioreactors (d) The development of recombinant vaccines depends on industrial cultivation methods of the pathogen of interest (e) Recombinant vaccines can be produced on different platforms, such as animal and microorganism cellsarrow_forwardDuring the anthrax crisis of 2001, public health officials urged citizens not to take the antibiotic ciprofloxacin as a preventative measure. Public health officials were concerned that overuse of ciprofloxacin would lead to resistant varieties of anthrax and other bacterial pathogens. Ciprofloxacin is one of the few readily available antibiotics that can treat anthrax. 1)Do you think that public health officials should more directly regulate the availability of ciprofloxacin to ensure its proper use? 2)Why?arrow_forwardWhat is the specific mode of action and the target organisms of each of the three antibiotics used in the exercise (isolation of E. coli bacteriophage)?a. Ampicillin:b. Polymyxin:c. Streptomycin:arrow_forward
- Which of the following is not a factor in the rise of drug-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii?a. It is very widespread in many habitats.b. It has acquired greater toxicity.c. It readily acquires genetic material from other species.d. The hospital environment brings together vulnerable patients anddrugs.arrow_forwardThe epidemiological or disease triangle is a model of disease causation that proposes three factors contribute to an outbreak – an agent that causes the disease, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together. Some general changes within these three factors that may cause an infectious disease to emerge include: A. changes in populations or behavior of reservoir hosts or intermediate hosts B. microbial genetic mutation and viral genetic recombination or assortment C. environmental factors such as an increase in precipitation D. all of the above E. none of the abovearrow_forwardRecombinant DNA techniques are used to custom –build bacteria for two main reasons: to make a multiple copies of desired genes and to obtain useful proteins. Give an example of each of these applications in the field of pharmaceutical, medicine and agriculture.arrow_forward
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