What would be the difficulties of finding cancer drugs that works by inhibiting tyrosine kinase given that similar kinases also function in normal cells. Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 6, Problem 16TYU

Summary Introduction

To determine: What would be the difficulties of finding cancer drugs that works by inhibiting tyrosine kinase given that similar kinases also function in normal cells.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Whether it could be possible to develop such new medication through government-sponsored research. Why or why not.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Alternatives if it is not possible to develop new such medication through government-sponsored research.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

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Describe the protein kinase cascade stimulated by epinephrine in liver cells or by insulin in muscle cells. How can it go wrong? What happens if it goes wrong? Explain the usefulness of protein kinase cascades and mechanisms to shut them down. Please give explanations for every step of this pathway. Define all technical terms you use.

You are interested in monitoring the movement of a protein kinase called PKB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus during a signaling pathway that is active in brain cells. If you wanted to monitor the changes in the subcellular location of PKB, describe one way you could do that and explain why you think it would provide insights into how PKB changes its subcellular location.

How could we promote rapid or slow signaling for medical purposes? So there are many examples of slow and rapid signaling via coupled receptors. For an example, salivary gland secretion is rapid signaling and cell growth is slow signaling. These pathways could be twisted and used to resolve medical issues in a more natural and less damaging way. Are there any experiments that have or could be done to test out promoting rapid signaling to speed up slow processes such as cell growth in a severe wound? What experiments have or could be done to test out slowing down signaling that is fast like cells responding to their environment negatively (over-active allergies)? Thank you.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 16TYU

Summary Introduction

To determine: What would be the difficulties of finding cancer drugs that works by inhibiting tyrosine kinase given that similar kinases also function in normal cells.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Whether it could be possible to develop such new medication through government-sponsored research. Why or why not.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Alternatives if it is not possible to develop new such medication through government-sponsored research.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 16TYU

Summary Introduction

To determine: What would be the difficulties of finding cancer drugs that works by inhibiting tyrosine kinase given that similar kinases also function in normal cells.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Whether it could be possible to develop such new medication through government-sponsored research. Why or why not.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Alternatives if it is not possible to develop new such medication through government-sponsored research.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 16TYU

Summary Introduction

To determine: What would be the difficulties of finding cancer drugs that works by inhibiting tyrosine kinase given that similar kinases also function in normal cells.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Whether it could be possible to develop such new medication through government-sponsored research. Why or why not.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Alternatives if it is not possible to develop new such medication through government-sponsored research.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 16TYU

Summary Introduction

To determine: What would be the difficulties of finding cancer drugs that works by inhibiting tyrosine kinase given that similar kinases also function in normal cells.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Whether it could be possible to develop such new medication through government-sponsored research. Why or why not.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Alternatives if it is not possible to develop new such medication through government-sponsored research.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 16TYU

Summary Introduction

To determine: What would be the difficulties of finding cancer drugs that works by inhibiting tyrosine kinase given that similar kinases also function in normal cells.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 16TYU

Summary Introduction

To determine: What would be the difficulties of finding cancer drugs that works by inhibiting tyrosine kinase given that similar kinases also function in normal cells.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Answer 8

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Whether it could be possible to develop such new medication through government-sponsored research. Why or why not.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Answer 9

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Whether it could be possible to develop such new medication through government-sponsored research. Why or why not.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Answer 10

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Alternatives if it is not possible to develop new such medication through government-sponsored research.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To suggest: Alternatives if it is not possible to develop new such medication through government-sponsored research.

Introduction: Enzyme-linked receptor is a transmembrane protein with a binding site for signaling molecule outside the cell and an enzyme component inside the cell. An example of enzyme-linked receptor is tyrosine kinase. On binding of ligands with the enzyme-linked receptors, receptor protein comes close together in the plasma membrane and forms dimer which initiates activation of downstream molecules and causes cellular response.

Answer 12

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Answer 15

Ch. 6.1 - Describe the four main processes essential for...Ch. 6.1 - What is the sequence of events that takes place in...Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 2C Ch. 6.2 - Compare three types of signaling molecules:...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 1C Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 2C Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 3C Ch. 6.3 - Identify mechanisms that make reception a highly...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 4LO Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 1C

Solution Summary: The author explains that tyrosine kinase is a transmembrane protein with binding sites for signaling molecule outside and an enzyme component inside the cell.

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