Concept explainers
(a)
Concept introduction:
Contribution Margin:
The margin of profit which is computed after considering the variable cost only and not the fixed costis known as contribution. In other words, it means the contribution made by selling the product after covering its variable cost to the company.
The weighted contribution margin per unit.
(b)
Concept introduction:
Breakeven Point:
The level of sales where the company is neither on profit nor loss is termed as breakeven point. In other words, that level of sales at which the fixed cost of the business is recovered.
The breakeven point if the fixed cost is
(c)
Concept introduction:
Target Profit:
The target profit is that profit which a company decides to achieve and this analysis helps in determinig the level of sales by which this target can be achieved.
The total sale units to achieve target profit of
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- Manatoah Manufacturing produces 3 models of window air conditioners: model 101, model 201, and model 301. The sales price and variable costs for these three models are as follows: The current product mix is 4:3:2. The three models share total fixed costs of $430,000. Calculate the sales price per composite unit. What is the contribution margin per composite unit? Calculate Manatoahs break-even point in both dollars and units. Using an income statement format, prove that this is the break-even point.arrow_forwardManufacturing builds and sells switch harnesses for glove boxes. The sales price and variable cost for each follows: Their sales mix is reflected in the ratio 4:4:1. If annual fixed costs shared by the three products are $1 8840 how many units of each product will need to be sold in order forJj to break even?arrow_forwardMorris Industries manufactures and sells three products (AA, BB, and CC). The sales price and unit variable cost for the three products are as follows: Their sales mix s reflected as a ratio of 5:3:2. Annual fixed costs shared by the three products are $25,000 per year. What are total variable costs for Morris with their current product mix? Calculate the number of units of each product that will need to be sold in order for Morris to break even. What is their break-even point in sales dollars? Using an income statement format, prove that this is the break-even point.arrow_forward
- Polaris Inc. manufactures two types of metal stampings for the automobile industry: door handles and trim kits. Fixed cost equals 146,000. Each door handle sells for 12 and has variable cost of 9; each trim kit sells for 8 and has variable cost of 5. Required: 1. What are the contribution margin per unit and the contribution margin ratio for door handles and for trim kits? 2. If Polaris sells 20,000 door handles and 40,000 trim kits, what is the operating income? 3. How many door handles and how many trim kits must be sold for Polaris to break even? 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Assume that Polaris has the opportunity to rearrange its plant to produce only trim kits. If this is done, fixed costs will decrease by 35,000, and 70,000 trim kits can be produced and sold. Is this a good idea? Explain.arrow_forwardTim-Buck-Il rents jet skis at a beach resort. There are three models available to rent: Junior, Adult, and Expert. The rental price and variable costs for these three models are as follows: The current product mix is 5:4:1. The three models share total fixed costs of $1 14,750 A. Calculate the sales price per composite unit. B. What is the contribution margin per composite unit? C. Calculate Tim-Buck-IIs break-even point in both dollars and units. D. Using an income statement format, prove that this is the break-even point.arrow_forwardAbilene Industries manufactures and sells three products (XX, W, and ZZ). The sales price and unit variable cost for the three products are as follows: Their sales mix is reflected as a ratio of 4:2:1. Annual fixed costs shared by the three products are $345.000 per year. What are total variable costs for Abilene with their current product mix? Calculate the number of units of each product that will need to be sold in order for Abilene to break even. What is their break-even point in sales dollars? Using an income statement format, prove that this is the break-even point.arrow_forward
- Sensitivity Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis and Production Versus Period Costs, Multiple-Product Setting If both the variable and fixed production costs (refer to your answer to Requirement 1) associated with the canoe product line increased by 5% (beyond the estimate from the high-low analysis), how many canoes and paddles would need to be sold in order to earn a target income of 96,000? Assume the same sales mix and additional fixed costs as in Requirement 3.arrow_forwardA company sells two products, Model 101 and Model 202. For every one unit of Model 101, they sell they sell two units of Model 202. Sales and cost information for the two products is shown. What is the contribution margin for a composite unit based on the sales mix? $14 $21 $35 $56arrow_forwardLotts Company produces and sells one product. The selling price is 10, and the unit variable cost is 6. Total fixed cost is 10,000. Required: 1. Prepare a CVP graph with Units Sold as the horizontal axis and Dollars as the vertical axis. Label the break-even point on the horizontal axis. 2. Prepare CVP graphs for each of the following independent scenarios: (a) Fixed cost increases by 5,000, (b) Unit variable cost increases to 7, (c) Unit selling price increases to 12, and (d) Fixed cost increases by 5,000 and unit variable cost is 7.arrow_forward
- Sales Needed to Earn Target Income Chillmax Company plans to sell 3,500 pairs of shoes at 60 each in the coming year. Variable cost is 35% of the sales price; contribution margin is 65% of the sales price. Total fixed cost equals 78,000 (includes fixed factory overhead and fixed selling and administrative expense). Required: 1. Calculate the sales revenue that Chillmax must make to earn operating income of 81,900 by using the point in sales equation. 2. Check your answer by preparing a contribution margin income statement based on the sales dollars calculated in Requirement 1.arrow_forwardSchylar Pharmaceuticals, Inc., plans to sell 130,000 units of antibiotic at an average price of 22 each in the coming year. Total variable costs equal 1,086,800. Total fixed costs equal 8,000,000. (Round all ratios to four significant digits, and round all dollar amounts to the nearest dollar.) Required: 1. What is the contribution margin per unit? What is the contribution margin ratio? 2. Calculate the sales revenue needed to break even. 3. Calculate the sales revenue needed to achieve a target profit of 245,000. 4. What if the average price per unit increased to 23.50? Recalculate: a. Contribution margin per unit b. Contribution margin ratio (rounded to four decimal places) c. Sales revenue needed to break even d. Sales revenue needed to achieve a target profit of 245,000arrow_forwardContribution Margin Ratio, Break-Even Sales, Operating Leverage Elgart Company produces plastic mailboxes. The projected income statement for the coming year follows: Required: 1. Compute the contribution margin ratio for the mailboxes. 2. How much revenue must Elgart earn in order to break even? 3. What is the effect on the contribution margin ratio if the unit selling price and unit variable cost each increase by 15%? 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Suppose that management has decided to give a 4% commission on all sales. The projected income statement does not reflect this commission. Recompute the contribution margin ratio, assuming that the commission will be paid. What effect does this have on the break-even point? 5. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION If the commission is paid as described in Requirement 4, management expects sales revenues to increase by 80,000. How will this affect operating leverage? Is it a sound decision to implement the commission? Support your answer with appropriate computations.arrow_forward
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