Chapter 6, Problem 1MTE

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason behind how small change in a collagen subunit can destabilize the entire collagen structure.

Concept introduction: Collagen is the structural protein that plays an essential protective role in the human body. Collagen has amino acids that form triple helices to form elongated fibrils. It contains specific amino acids such as glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, and arginine. This is the primary protein in connective tissues from bone to skin.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason behind the amino acid substitution in an enzyme that can render the enzyme inactive.

Concept introduction: Enzymes are biocatalysts that speed up the reactions. All enzymes are proteins. Protein is made up of one or more amino acids linked together to form a chain. The building blocks of the protein are called amino acids. Amino acids are termed as residues if they release a hydrogen ion from the amine end or a hydroxyl ion from the carboxyl end, or both, water molecule are released as a result of formation of each amide bond.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that amino acid substitution can affect a protein’s folding efficiency without affecting its ultimate structure or function.

Concept introduction: Protein is made up of one or more amino acids linked together to form a chain. The building blocks of the protein are called the amino acids. Amino acids are termed as residues if they release a hydrogen ion from the amine end or a hydroxyl ion from the carboxyl end, or both, water molecule are released as a result of formation of each amide bond. The mutation that alters the amino acid sequence is called the amino acid substitution.