Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133910605
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 6, Problem 1RQ
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The reason that organisms do not violate the second law of
Introduction:
The law of thermodynamics states that the energy present in the ecosystem has remained constant and not converted into one form to another. There are two laws of thermodynamics: the law of conservation (first law) and entropy change (second law).
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Which of the following is/are true concerning the first law of thermodynamics?
A) Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
B) The total amount of energy in the universe is constant.
C) Energy can be converted from one form to another.
D) It is sometimes referred to as the law of conservation of energy.
E) All of the above are true.
The existence of life is dependents on bioenergetics to overcome the restrictions of thermodynamics. What does the term bioenergetics mean? Provide one well-structured example of how bioenergetics provides the necessary conditions required for life to exist given the restrictions of thermodynamics.
1) Which of the following statements is true for the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
a) ΔS (Sfinal-Sinitial) for the system is negative.
b) The living system is not exchanging heat nor matter.
c) Energy is conserved in the universe.
d) The biological system never reach equilibrium.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
Ch. 6.1 - Energy Unleashed Much like a cars engine, the...Ch. 6.1 - What other changes would help reduce fossil fuel...Ch. 6.1 - define energy and work?Ch. 6.1 - Could one design a roller coaster that didnt use...Ch. 6.1 - define potential energy and kinetic energy and...Ch. 6.1 - State and explain the first and second laws of...Ch. 6.2 - Energy Unleashed Marathoners rely on glycogen...Ch. 6.2 - describe how energy is captured and released by...Ch. 6.2 - Is glucose breakdown endergonic or exergonic? What...Ch. 6.2 - explain exergonic and endergonic reactions and...
Ch. 6.2 - explain activation energy?Ch. 6.3 - name and describe two important energy-carrier...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 6.3 - explain coupled reactions?Ch. 6.4 - explain how catalysts reduce activation energy?Ch. 6.4 - You may have seen the almost magical glow of...Ch. 6.4 - Can an enzyme catalyst make an endergonic reaction...Ch. 6.4 - explain how enzymes function as biological...Ch. 6.5 - describe how cells regulate the rate at which...Ch. 6.5 - Health Watch Lack of an Enzyme Leads to Lactose...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 1TCCh. 6.5 - explain how poisons, drugs, and environmental...Ch. 6 - While vacuuming, you show off by telling a friend...Ch. 6 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 6 - Which of the following is True? a. Enzymes...Ch. 6 - Prob. 1RQCh. 6 - Refute the following: According to evolutionary...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 6 - Prob. 2RQCh. 6 - Can a bear use all the energy contained in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 3MCCh. 6 - Prob. 3RQCh. 6 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 4MCCh. 6 - Prob. 4RQCh. 6 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 5MCCh. 6 - Prob. 5RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 6RQCh. 6 - Prob. 7RQ
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Similar questions
- Explain why living things are unique thermodynamic systems.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE regarding the second law of thermodynamics? The quality of the energy in the universe increases over time. The entropy of the universe is always increasing. Energy is conserved in the universe. The energy of the universe is always increasing. Entropy is conserved in the universe.arrow_forwardLife is sometimes described as a constant struggle against the second law of thermodynamics. How do organisms succeed in this struggle?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is a description of an example of the second law of thermodynamics? Some chemical energy in glucose transforms to chemical energy in ATP. O The kinetic energy of wind turns the blades of a wind turbine. The chemical energy in gasoline is transformed to kinetic energy to drive a car. The mechanical energy of flowing water turns a turbine. Some chemical energy in gasoline is transformed to heat while driving a car.arrow_forwardThe second law of thermodynamics tells us that life evolved in a universe that tends towards disorder. Gases expand to fill the space enclosing them, dissolved molecules spread throughout the solvent containing them, and large molecules fall apart to become smaller ones. Despite this, we know that cells can make large molecules and break them down. Because of the first law of thermodynamics, (energy can't be created or destroyed, but it can be converted between forms) cells can carry out anabolism and catabolism. For example, they can make and breakdown fatty acids. In this question you will consider the strategies cells and enzymes used to perform these processes in the context of biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids. Compare and contrast fatty acid biosynthesis and -oxidation.arrow_forwardWhich of the following defines the first law of thermodynamics? A. Energy cannot be created or destroyed B. The capacity to do work C. The energy stored in the arrangement of objects in a system D. Energy tends to disperse spontaneouslyarrow_forward
- _____1. Which form of energy is Not correctly associated with an example? a) kinetic energy : fat molecules b) kinetic energy : movement of muscles c) chemical energy : glucose d) potential energy : water held behind a dam e) potential energy : ATP _____2. Which Best describes the first law of thermodynamics? a) Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change into matter. b) Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from one energy form to another. c) Energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter. d) Some useful energy is lost as heat whenever an energy transfer occurs. e) Energy transfers are always 100% efficient in changing energy from one useful form to another. _____3. Which Best describes the second law of thermodynamics? a) Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change into matter. b) Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from one energy form to another. c) Energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter. d)…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true concerning thermodynamics of reactions within a cell? a) Spontaneous reactions always consume energy b) Unfavorable reactions can be coupled to nonspontaneous reactions c) Compartmentalization can be used to drive up the concentration of substrates to force a reaction to occur d) All important reactions are spontaneousarrow_forwardLiving organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an organism. How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics?arrow_forward
- Describe the energy flow that makes living systems thermodynamically possible. Explain why would you add amino acid to a food sample so that it would appear to contain more protein? Do the amino acid compounds would already be present in a food sample actually did contain protein?arrow_forwardDiscuss the following statement: “enzymes and heat are alike in that both can speed up reactions that—although thermodynamically feasible—do not occur at an appreciable rate because they require a high activation energy. diseases that seem to benefit from the careful application of heat—in the form of hot chicken soup, for example—are therefore likely to be due to the insufficient function of an enzyme.”arrow_forwardwhat is the importance of the first law of thermodynamics in biological systems, especially living organisms?arrow_forward
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