Concept explainers
To review:
The map distance between the genes his-5 and lys-1 using two methods of calculations, where one method considers double crossover while the second does not, and determine which method gave the highest value.
Frequency of single crossover between two genes.
Nonparental ditypes (NPD) expected from the cross. Whether positive interference is happening in this case.
Introduction:
Map distance is used to estimate the distance between two genes present in a chromosome. Its unit is map units (mu). Double crossovers cause the formation of nonparental ditypes. Positive interference is a genetic phenomenon due to which a crossover occurring in one region of chromosome decreases the possibility of a second crossover near it.
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Genetics: Analysis and Principles
- The alleles his-5 and lys-1, found in yeast, result in cells that require histidine and lysine for growth, respectively. A cross was made between two haploid yeast strains that are his-5 lys-1 and his+ lys+. 973 tetrads were analyzed, with the follow pattern: 7 tetrads with 2 his-5 lys+ spores and 2 his+ lys-1 spores 603 tetrads with 2 his-5 lys-1 spores and 2 his+ lys+ spores 363 tetrads with 1 his-5 lys-1 spore, 1 his-5 lys+ spore, 1 his+ lys-1 spores, and 1 his+ lys+ spore Compute the map distance between these two genes using the method that considered double crossovers and the one that does not. Which gives the higher value? Why? What is the frequency of single crossovers between these genes? Explain. Based on the frequency of single-crossovers, how many double crossovers would one expect? Is positive interference occurring?arrow_forwardIn a diploid organism of 2n=10, assume that you can label all the centromeres derived from its female parent and all the centromeres derived from its male parent. When this organism produces gamestes, how many male and female-labeled centromere combinations are possible in the gametes?arrow_forwardThe alleles his-5 and lys-1, found in baker’s yeast, result in cellsthat require histidine and lysine for growth, respectively. A crosswas made between two haploid yeast strains that are his-5 lys-1and his+ lys+. From the analysis of 818 tetrads, the followingnumbers of tetrads were obtained:2 spores with his-5 lys+ + 2 spores with his+ lys-1 = 42 spores with his-5 lys-1 + 2 spores with his+ lys+ = 5021 spore with his-5 lys-1 + 1 spore with his-5 lys+ + 1 spore withhis+ lys-1 + 1 spore with his+ lys+ = 312A.What is the frequency of single crossovers between these twogenes?B. Based on your answer to part B, how many NPDs are expectedfrom this cross? Explain your answer. Is positive interferenceoccurring?arrow_forward
- The alleles his-5 and lys-1, found in baker’s yeast, result in cellsthat require histidine and lysine for growth, respectively. A crosswas made between two haploid yeast strains that are his-5 lys-1and his+ lys+. From the analysis of 818 tetrads, the followingnumbers of tetrads were obtained: 2 spores with his-5 lys+ + 2 spores with his+ lys-1 = 42 spores with his-5 lys-1 + 2 spores with his+ lys+ = 5021 spore with his-5 lys-1 + 1 spore with his-5 lys+ + 1 spore withhis+ lys-1 + 1 spore with his+ lys+ = 312 Compute the map distance between these two genes using firstthe method of calculation that considers double crossovers andthen the one that does not. Which method gives a higher value?Explain why?arrow_forward. In mice, the following alleles were used in a cross: W = waltzing gait w = nonwaltzing gait G = normal gray color g = albino B = bent tail b = straight tail A waltzing gray bent-tailed mouse is crossed with a nonwaltzing albino straight-tailed mouse and, over several years, the following progeny totals are obtained: waltzing gray bent 18 waltzing albino bent 21 nonwaltzing gray straight 19 nonwaltzing albino straight 22 waltzing gray straight 4 waltzing albino straight 5 nonwaltzing gray bent 5 nonwaltzing albino bent 6 Total 100 a. What were the genotypes of the two parental mice in the cross? b. Draw the chromosomes of the parents.c. If you deduced linkage, state the map unit value or values and show how they were obtained.arrow_forwardIn a two factor cross, the longest possible map distance is 50 map units. Explain why this is true. How then can genetic maps show two genes that are 70 map units or more apart?arrow_forward
- Individuals of genotype AaBb were mated to individuals of genotype aabb. One thousand offspring were counted, with the following results: 474 Aabb, 480 aaBb, 20 AaBb, and 26 aabb. What type of cross is it? Are these locilinked? What are the two parental classes and the two recombinant classes of offspring? What is the percentage of recombination between these two loci? How many map units apart are they?arrow_forwardWhat is the predicted phenotypic outcome of a dihybrid cross and a dihybrid text cross? Why?arrow_forward. In a diploid organism of 2n = 10, assume that you canlabel all the centromeres derived from its female parentand all the centromeres derived from its male parent.When this organism produces gametes, how many maleand female-labeled centromere combinations are possible in the gametes?arrow_forward
- Three autosomal recessive mutations in yeast, all producing the same phenotype (m1, m2, and m3), are subjected to complementation analysis. Of the results shown below, which, if any, are alleles of one another? Predict the results of the cross that is not shown—that is, m2 * m3. Cross 1: m1 * m24 F1: all wild-type progeny Cross 2: m1 * m34 F1: all mutant progenyarrow_forwardA series of three-point testcrosses is made to determine the genetic map order of seven linked allele pairs: A/a, B/b, G/g, H/h, Q/q, R/r, and Y/y.From each cross between a triply heterozygous parent listed below, two recombinant classes were noticed as the least frequent among all 8 progeny classes, and are listed at the right in the table. A. For each testcross write the genotype of the F1 heterozygous parent. F1 Parental Phenotype Least frequent F2 Phenotype 1.AHB&ahb AHb & ahB 2.RYh&ryH RYH & ryh 3.BhY&bHy Bhy & bHY 4.qYB&Qyb qYb & QyB 5.AbQ&aBq Abq & aBQ 6.ghR&GHr ghr & GHR B. Write the unified map order of these genes, showing your reasoning.arrow_forwardIn barley, a self-fertilizing species that can be cross-fertilized, two true-breeding strains with virescent leaves occur. In strain A, the trait is caused by a cytoplasmic gene while in strain B it is by a recessive chromosomal gene. What phenotypes would you expect among the progeny, and in what proportions in each of the following? Illustrate your crosses below, indicate and the female and male parent for each cross, and write the phenotype of all the parents and offspring(s). a. reciprocal crosses between A and Bb. crossing of each F1 in (a) to each of the paternal strainsc. self-fertilization of the F1’s in (a)d. reciprocal crosses between F1’s in (a) Use the following gene assignments: Strain A (trait is in Cytoplasm) A – virescent a – not virescent Strain B (recessive chromosomal gene) B – not virescent b - virescentarrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning