Interpretation:
The molecules of water that are required to carry over 1 molecule of iodobenzene are to be calculated. Also, the mass of water per gram of iodobenzene is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Steam distillation is used to extract and purify the temperature-sensitive compounds. Steam distillation is generally used for organic compounds that are sensitive to temperature. The advantage of steam distillation is that the temperature-sensitive compounds can be boiled and extracted at a lower temperature without decomposition.
Dalton law states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases the total pressure exerted by the mixture is equal to the summation of the partial pressure of individual gases present in the mixture.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments
- How many grams of the following nonelectrolytes would have to be mixed with 100.0 g of p-dichlorobenzene to increase the boiling point by 3.0C? To decrease the freezing point by 2.0C? (Use Table 10.2.) (a) succinic acid (C4H6O4) (b) caffeine (C8H10N4O2)arrow_forwardAssume you dissolve 10.0 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) in 225 mL (225 g) of water and warm the water to 60 C. What is the vapor pressure of the water over this solution? (Appendix G lists P(H2O) at various temperatures.)arrow_forwardIndicate the most important type of intermolecular attraction responsible for solvation in each of the following solutions: (a) the solutions in Figure 11.8 (b) methanol, CH3OH, dissolved in ethanol, C2H5OH (c) methane, CH4, dissolved in benzene, C6H6 (d) the polar halocarbon CF2CI2 dissolved in the polar halocarbon CF2CICFCI2 (e) O2(I) in N2(l)arrow_forward
- How much N2 can dissolve in water at 25 C if the N2 partial pressure is 585 mm Hg?arrow_forwardConcentrated hydrochloric acid contains 1.00 mol HCl dissolved in 3.31 mol H2O. What is the mole fraction of HCl in concentrated hydrochloric acid? What is the molal concentration of HCl?arrow_forwardUrea, (NH2)2CO, is dissolved in 250.0 g of water. The solution freezes at 0.085C. How many grams of urea were dissolved to make this solution?arrow_forward
- Sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly used to melt ice on roads during the winter. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is sometimes used for this purpose too. Let us compare the effectiveness of equal masses of these two compounds in lowering the freezing point of water, by calculating the freezing point depression of solutions containing 200. g of each salt in 1.00 kg of water. (An advantage of CaCl2 is that it acts more quickly because it is hygroscopic, that is. it absorbs moisture from the air to give a solution and begin the process. A disadvantage is that this compound is more costly.)arrow_forwardIf you prepared a saturated aqueous solution of potassiumchloride at 25°C and then heated it to 50°C, wouldyou describe the solution as unsaturated, saturated, orsupersaturated? Explain.arrow_forwardAlthough Al(OH)3 is insoluble in water, NaOH is very soluble. Explain in terms of lattice energies.arrow_forward
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