Fundamentals of Biostatistics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305268920
Author: Bernard Rosner
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 58P
The etiology of high blood pressure remains a subject of active investigation. One widely accepted hypothesis is that excessive sodium intake adversely affects blood-pressure Data set available outcomes. To explore this hypothesis, an experiment was set up to measure responsiveness to the taste of salt and to relate the responsiveness to blood-pressure level. The protocol used involved giving 3-day-old infants in the newborn nursery a drop of various solutions, thus eliciting the sucking response and noting the vigor with which they sucked—denoted by MSB (mean number of sucks per burst of sucking). The content of the solution was changed over 10 consecutive periods: (1) water, (2) water, (3) 0.1 molar salt + water, (4) 0.1 molar salt + water, (5) water, (6) water, (7) 0.3 molar salt + water, (8) 0.3 molar salt + water, (9) water, (10) water. In addition, as a control, the response of the baby to the taste of sugar was also measured after the salt-taste protocol was completed. In this experiment, the sucking response was measured over five different periods with the following stimuli: (1) nonnutritive sucking, that is, a pure sucking response was elicited without using any external substance; (2) water; (3) 5% sucrose + water; (4) 15% sucrose + water; (5) nonnutritive sucking.
The data for the first 100 infants in the study are given in Data Set INFANTBP.DAT. The format of the data is given in Data Set INFANTBP.DOC at www.cengagebrain.com.
Construct a variable measuring the response to salt. For example, one possibility is to compute the average MSB for trials 3 and 4 − average MSB for trials 1 and 2 = average MSB when the solution was 0.1 molar salt + water – average MSB when the solution was water. A similar index could be computed comparing trials 7 and 8 with trials 5 and 6.
We want to relate the indices to blood-pressure level. Provide a
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
In a study attempting to replicate findings by Stephens, Atkins, & Kingston (2009), each participant was asked to plunge a hand into the icy water and keep it there as long as the pain would allow. In one condition, the participants repeated their favorite curse words while their hands were in the water. In the other condition, they repeated neutral words. The original research showed that, in addition to lowering the participants’ perception of pain, swearing also increased the amount of time they were able to tolerate the pain. Data similar to the results obtained in the study are shown in the following table:
_____________Amount of Time (in Seconds)_
Participant Swear Words Neutral Words
1 94 59
2 70 61
3 52 47
4…
In a study attempting to replicate findings by Stephens, Atkins, & Kingston (2009), each participant was asked to plunge a hand into the icy water and keep it there as long as the pain would allow. In one condition, the participants repeated their favorite curse words while their hands were in the water. In the other condition, they repeated neutral words. The original research showed that, in addition to lowering the participants’ perception of pain, swearing also increased the amount of time they were able to tolerate the pain. Data similar to the results obtained in the study are shown in the following table:
_____________Amount of Time (in Seconds)_
Participant Swear Words Neutral Words
1 94 59
2 70 61
3 52 47
4…
Compare the two separate scatterplots. In particular, how do the associtation compare between women with pets vs. women without pets? Does one group have more variation in systolic blood pressure than the other? If so, for which group? Does systolic blood pressure seem higher for common ages between the two groups? If so, for which group?
Chapter 6 Solutions
Fundamentals of Biostatistics
Ch. 6.5 - What is the difference between a standard...Ch. 6.5 - What does a 95% CI mean?Ch. 6 - Suppose we are asked to construct a list of...Ch. 6 - Suppose we are asked to construct a list of...Ch. 6 - Suppose we are asked to construct a list of...Ch. 6 - Suppose we are asked to construct a list of...Ch. 6 - The data in Table 6.10 concern the mean triceps...Ch. 6 - The data in Table 6.10 concern the mean triceps...Ch. 6 - The data in Table 6.10 concern the mean triceps...Ch. 6 - The data in Table 6.10 concern the mean triceps...
Ch. 6 - The data in Table 6.10 concern the mean triceps...Ch. 6 - The data in Table 6.10 concern the mean triceps...Ch. 6 - Refer to the data in Table 2.13. Regard this...Ch. 6 - Refer to the data in Table 2.13. Regard this...Ch. 6 - Refer to the data in Table 2.13. Regard this...Ch. 6 - Refer to the data in Table 2.13. Regard this...Ch. 6 - Refer to the data in Table 2.13. Regard this...Ch. 6 - Refer to the data in Table 2.13. Regard this...Ch. 6 - Refer to the data in Table 2.13. Regard this...Ch. 6 - A nine-laboratory cooperative study was performed...Ch. 6 - A nine-laboratory cooperative study was performed...Ch. 6 - A nine-laboratory cooperative study was performed...Ch. 6 - A nine-laboratory cooperative study was performed...Ch. 6 - A nine-laboratory cooperative study was performed...Ch. 6 - A study of psychological and physiological health...Ch. 6 - A study of psychological and physiological health...Ch. 6 - A study is conducted to test the hypothesis that...Ch. 6 - A study is conducted to test the hypothesis that...Ch. 6 - Suppose a clinical trial is conducted to test the...Ch. 6 - Suppose a clinical trial is conducted to test the...Ch. 6 - Suppose a clinical trial is conducted to test the...Ch. 6 - Suppose we want to estimate the concentration...Ch. 6 - Suppose we want to estimate the concentration...Ch. 6 - Suppose we want to estimate the concentration...Ch. 6 - Much discussion has taken place concerning...Ch. 6 - Much discussion has taken place concerning...Ch. 6 - Much discussion has taken place concerning...Ch. 6 - A new assay is developed to obtain the...Ch. 6 - A new assay is developed to obtain the...Ch. 6 - A new assay is developed to obtain the...Ch. 6 - A new assay is developed to obtain the...Ch. 6 - Suppose 100 hypertensive people are given an...Ch. 6 - Suppose 100 hypertensive people are given an...Ch. 6 - Suppose 100 hypertensive people are given an...Ch. 6 - Suppose we decide a better measure of the...Ch. 6 - Suppose we decide a better measure of the...Ch. 6 - Suppose we decide a better measure of the...Ch. 6 - Suppose we decide a better measure of the...Ch. 6 - Draw six random samples of size 5 from the data in...Ch. 6 - Draw six random samples of size 5 from the data in...Ch. 6 - Draw six random samples of size 5 from the data in...Ch. 6 - Draw six random samples of size 5 from the data in...Ch. 6 - Draw six random samples of size 5 from the data in...Ch. 6 - Figure 6.4b (p. 172) plotted the sampling...Ch. 6 - Figure 6.4b (p. 172) plotted the sampling...Ch. 6 - Figure 6.4b (p. 172) plotted the sampling...Ch. 6 - Figure 6.4b (p. 172) plotted the sampling...Ch. 6 - The etiology of high blood pressure remains a...Ch. 6 - The etiology of high blood pressure remains a...Ch. 6 - The etiology of high blood pressure remains a...Ch. 6 - Data Set SEXRAT.DAT, at www.cengagebrain.com,...Ch. 6 - A cohort of hemophiliacs is followed to elicit...Ch. 6 - A cohort of hemophiliacs is followed to elicit...Ch. 6 - A cohort of hemophiliacs is followed to elicit...Ch. 6 - We have previously described Data Set LEAD.DAT (at...Ch. 6 - We have previously described Data Set LEAD.DAT (at...Ch. 6 - We have previously described Data Set LEAD.DAT (at...Ch. 6 - Data Set NIFED.DAT (at www.cengagebrain.com) was...Ch. 6 - Data Set NIFED.DAT (at www.cengagebrain.com) was...Ch. 6 - Data Set NIFED.DAT (at www.cengagebrain.com) was...Ch. 6 - Suppose that there are 6 deaths due to bladder...Ch. 6 - Suppose that there are 4 deaths due to stomach...Ch. 6 - The value of mammography as a screening test for...Ch. 6 - The value of mammography as a screening test for...Ch. 6 - The value of mammography as a screening test for...Ch. 6 - The value of mammography as a screening test for...Ch. 6 - On the computer, draw 1000 bootstrap samples of...Ch. 6 - On the computer, draw 1000 bootstrap samples of...Ch. 6 - A study was performed to investigate the...Ch. 6 - A study was performed to investigate the...Ch. 6 - Refer to Data Set BONEDEN.DAT at...Ch. 6 - Refer to Data Set BONEDEN.DAT at...Ch. 6 - Prob. 88PCh. 6 - Prob. 89PCh. 6 - Prob. 90PCh. 6 - Prob. 91PCh. 6 - Prob. 92PCh. 6 - Prob. 93PCh. 6 - Prob. 94PCh. 6 - Prob. 95PCh. 6 - Prob. 96PCh. 6 - A patient who is taking antihypertensive...Ch. 6 - A patient who is taking antihypertensive...Ch. 6 - A patient who is taking antihypertensive...Ch. 6 - A patient who is taking antihypertensive...Ch. 6 - A patient who is taking antihypertensive...Ch. 6 - Injuries are common in football and may be related...Ch. 6 - Injuries are common in football and may be related...Ch. 6 - A hypertensive patient has been on...Ch. 6 - A hypertensive patient has been on...Ch. 6 - A hypertensive patient has been on...Ch. 6 - A hypertensive patient has been on...Ch. 6 - A radiologist investigates whether a new (less...Ch. 6 - A radiologist investigates whether a new (less...Ch. 6 - The estimation of allele probabilities is...Ch. 6 - The estimation of allele probabilities is...Ch. 6 - The estimation of allele probabilities is...Ch. 6 - As an experiment, 10,000 people are completely...Ch. 6 - As an experiment, 10,000 people are completely...Ch. 6 - Which of the following sample results yields a 95%...Ch. 6 - Suppose we observe 30 cases of colon cancer over...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Repeat Example 5 when microphone A receives the sound 4 seconds before microphone B.arrow_forwardResearchers interested in lead exposure due to car exhaust sampled the blood of 52 police officers subjected to constant inhalation of automobile exhaust fumes while working traffic enforcement in a primarily urban environment. The blood samples of these officers had an average lead concentration of 124.32 µg/l and a SD of 37.74 µg/l; a previous study of individuals from a nearby suburb, with no history of exposure, found an average blood level concentration of 35 µg/l. Test the hypothesis that the downtown police officers have a higher lead exposure than the group in the previous study. Interpret your results in context. Based on your preceding result, without performing a calculation, would a 99% confidence interval for the average blood concentration level of police officers contain 35 µg/l? Based on your preceding result, without performing a calculation, would a 99% confidence interval for this difference contain 0? Explain why or why not.arrow_forwardA paper investigated the driving behavior of teenagers by observing their vehicles as they left a high school parking lot and then again at a site approximately 1 2 mile from the school. Assume that it is reasonable to regard the teen drivers in this study as representative of the population of teen drivers. Amount by Which Speed Limit Was Exceeded MaleDriver FemaleDriver 1.2 -0.1 1.4 0.4 0.9 1.1 2.1 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.2 3 0.1 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.5 2.1 0.5 (a) Use a .01 level of significance for any hypothesis tests. Data consistent with summary quantities appearing in the paper are given in the table. The measurements represent the difference between the observed vehicle speed and the posted speed limit (in miles per hour) for a sample of male teenage drivers and a sample of female teenage drivers. (Use μmales − μfemales.Round your test statistic to two decimal places. Round your degrees of freedom down to the nearest whole number. Round your p-value to…arrow_forward
- Based on the results presented, did the exercise intervention groups still receive a health benefit even if significant weight loss did not occur? Explain.arrow_forwardA paper investigated the driving behavior of teenagers by observing their vehicles as they left a high school parking lot and then again at a site approximately 1 2 mile from the school. Assume that it is reasonable to regard the teen drivers in this study as representative of the population of teen drivers. Amount by Which Speed Limit Was Exceeded MaleDriver FemaleDriver 1.3 -0.1 1.3 0.4 0.9 1.1 2.1 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.2 3 0.1 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.5 2.1 0.5 (a) Use a .01 level of significance for any hypothesis tests. Data consistent with summary quantities appearing in the paper are given in the table. The measurements represent the difference between the observed vehicle speed and the posted speed limit (in miles per hour) for a sample of male teenage drivers and a sample of female teenage drivers. (Use μmales − μfemales.Round your test statistic to two decimal places. Round your degrees of freedom down to the nearest whole number. Round your p-value to…arrow_forwardWhich model—the one for parliaments or the one for ministries (or cabinets)—presented in the article has the greater explanatory power? How can you tell?arrow_forward
- Researchers interested in lead exposure due to car exhaust sampled the blood of 52 police officers subjected to constant inhalation of automobile exhaust fumes while working traffic enforcement in a primarily urban environment. The blood samples of these officers had an average lead concentration of 124.32 µg/l and an SD of 37.74 µg/l; a previous study of individuals from a nearby suburb, with no history of exposure, found an average blood level concentration of 35 µg/l. Write down the hypotheses that would be appropriate for testing if the police officers appear to have been exposed to a higher concentration of lead. Explicitly state and check all conditions necessary for inference on these data. Test the hypothesis that the downtown police officers have a higher lead exposure than the group in the previous study. Interpret your results in context. Based on your preceding result, without performing a calculation, would a 99% confidence interval for the average blood concentration…arrow_forwardDyslexia refers to a specific reading disability that affects 10% to 15% of the general population. A dyslexic child is defined as a child of normal or above-normal intelligence with no known organic behavioural disorders who, despite normal schooling, shows a reading lag of at least two years. A researcher proposed that dyslexia was the result of a complex visual deficit that could be immediately corrected by simply putting a blue plastic overlay on the reading material. To test this, 100 dyslexic children were randomly assigned to one of two groups, one of which read from pages with a clear plastic overlay and the other of which read from pages with a blue plastic overlay. The dependent variable was percentage correct on a multiple-choice reading comprehension test. a) Is this an observational study or an experiment? Explain your choice. b) Why did the researcher use a clear overlay as one of the treatment groups instead of just having the children read the passage without an…arrow_forwardDyslexia refers to a specific reading disability that affects 10% to 15% of the general population. A dyslexic child is defined as a child of normal or above-normal intelligence with no known organic behavioural disorders who, despite normal schooling, shows a reading lag of at least two years. A researcher proposed that dyslexia was the result of a complex visual deficit that could be immediately corrected by simply putting a blue plastic overlay on the reading material. To test this, 100 dyslexic children were randomly assigned to one of two groups, one of which read from pages with a clear plastic overlay and the other of which read from pages with a blue plastic overlay. The dependent variable was percentage correct on a multiple-choice reading comprehension test. What assumptions for the hypothesis test would need to be conducted for a one sample t test? Which data on spss would i need to look at for the assumptions?arrow_forward
- A study was conducted to examine if children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) had higher prenatal exposure to air pollution, specifically particulate matter < 2.5 g in diameter (PM2.5). Researchers obtained birth records of all children born in Los Angeles between 2000 and 2008 and linked these to the Department of Developmental Services records to determine if any of those subjects had been diagnosed with ASD or not. They used the birth addresses given in the birth records to determine the average daily PM2.5 for the third trimester for each child. The standard deviation for PM2.5 among ASD subjects was found to be 34.6 and for non-ASD subjects was 16.8. Assume PM2.5 is normally distributed. 4a. What was the study design? * Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) * Case Report * Nested Case-Control Study * Case-Control Study * cross-sectional study Cohort Study 4B. What are the null and alternative hypotheses? 4c. What type of statistical test would you use to analyze the…arrow_forwardgiven this data, what will be the most appropriate way to present them?arrow_forwardThe article “Effect of Varying Solids Concentration and Organic Loading on the Performance of Temperature Phased Anaerobic Digestion Process” (S. Vandenburgh and T. Ellis, Water Environment Research, 2002:142–148) discusses experiments to determine the effect of the solids concentration on the performance of treatment methods for wastewater sludge. In the first experiment, the concentration of solids (in g/L) was 43.94 ± 1.18. In the second experiment, which was independent of the first, the concentration was 48.66 ± 1.76. Estimate the difference in the concentration between the two experiments, and find the uncertainty in the estimate.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill
Trigonometry (MindTap Course List)TrigonometryISBN:9781337278461Author:Ron LarsonPublisher:Cengage Learning
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...
Algebra
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:McGraw Hill
Trigonometry (MindTap Course List)
Trigonometry
ISBN:9781337278461
Author:Ron Larson
Publisher:Cengage Learning
what is Research Design, Research Design Types, and Research Design Methods; Author: Educational Hub;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LpmGSioXxdo;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY