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Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781285969770
Author: Ball
Publisher: Cengage
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 6.42E
At what pressure does the boiling point of water become
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Coulombs Law describes the interaction between two charges and varies by the magnitude of these
charges and inversely with the distance between them.
For atoms, we'll label the charges as the
nuclear charge and electron charge.
9192
9nuclelec
As you go up in atomic number (Z), the number of protons in the nucleus increases, making the charge
on the nucleus increase, so that in general. qnuc
= Z ·(+1)
However if we think only of the electrons in the outermost shells (valence
electrons), they do not see the full strength of the nuclear charge because it
is partially shielded (or canceled out if you prefer) by the core electrons. So
we define something called effective charge.
Shielding
Experiences
net charge
of about 1+
Nucleus
Effective Charge = # of protons
Zeff = Z – core
# of core electrons
In general, Zeff increases as you go across in the periodic table.
1. Fill out the following table to verify that effective charge increases as you go across a row.
Element
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
CI
Ar…
Rank the elements or compounds in the table below in decreasing order of their boiling points. That is, choose 1 next to the substance with the highest boiling
point, choose 2 next to the substance with the next highest boiling point, and so on.
chemical symbol,
substance
chemical formula
boiling point
or Lewis structure
A
CO
|(Choose one)
O2
|(Choose one) ♥
В
H
H
..
Н — О —
C
H.
|(Choose one) v
C
-
|
H H
Al, O,
|(Choose one)
?
:0 :
2 pt
Please provide an explanation for the relatively high boiling points of H20, HF, and NH3 in
comparison to the hydrogen compounds of other elements in the respective groups.
100
H2O
Group 16 (6A)
HF
Group 17 (7A)
H,Te
SbH3
H,Se
HI
NH3
Group 15 (5A)
H.S
ASH5
SnH4
HCI
HBr
PH,
GeH,
-100
SiH
CH
Group 14 (4A)
-200
1
3.
4
Period
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Boiling point ('C)
Chapter 6 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.1ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.2ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.3ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.4ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.5ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.6ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.7ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.8ECh. 6 - 6.9. Identify and explain the sign on in equation...Ch. 6 - 6.10. Use Hess’s law to prove that .
Ch. 6 - 6.11. Calculate the amount of heat necessary to...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.12ECh. 6 - Assume that the vapH of an evaporating liquid...Ch. 6 - 6.14. As a follow-up to the previous exercise,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.15ECh. 6 - 6.16. What is for isothermal conversion of liquid...Ch. 6 -
6.17. Estimate the melting point of nickel, Ni,...Ch. 6 -
6.18. Estimate the boiling point of platinum, Pt,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.19ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.20ECh. 6 - 6.21. What assumption is used in the integration...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.22ECh. 6 - Sulfur, in its cyclic molecular form having the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.24ECh. 6 - 6.25. Phosphorus exists as several allotropes that...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.26ECh. 6 - 6.27. What is higher for a substance: its normal...Ch. 6 - 6.28. Elemental gallium is another substance whose...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.29ECh. 6 - Consider the sulfur solid-state phase transition...Ch. 6 - 6.31. If it takes mega bars of pressure to change...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.32ECh. 6 - Four alcohols have the formula C4H9OH: 1-butanol,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.34ECh. 6 - At 20.0C, the vapor pressure of ethanol is...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.36ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.37ECh. 6 - Ethanol has a density of 0.789g/cm3 and a vapor...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.39ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.40ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.41ECh. 6 - 6.42. At what pressure does the boiling point of...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.43ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.44ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.45ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.46ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.47ECh. 6 - 6.48. Explain how glaciers, huge masses of solid...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.49ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.50ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.51ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.52ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.53ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.54ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.55ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.56ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.57ECh. 6 - Use the phase diagram of water in Figure 6.6 and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.59ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.60ECh. 6 - At the triple point of a substance, the vapor...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.62ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.63ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.64ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.65ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.66ECh. 6 - The phase diagram for elemental sulfur is shown in...Ch. 6 - Consider the phase diagram of sulfur in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.69ECh. 6 - Rearrange the Clausius-Clapeyron equation,...
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Intermolecular Forces and Boiling Points; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08kGgrqaZXA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY