(a)
Interpretation:
The
pH definition:
The concentration of hydrogen ion is measured using
The
On rearranging, the concentration of hydrogen ion
(a)
Answer to Problem 6D.14E
The
Explanation of Solution
The
If consider,
Therefore, the
Therefore, the
(b)
Interpretation:
The
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(b)
Answer to Problem 6D.14E
The
Explanation of Solution
The equilibrium reaction of sodium nitrite is given below.
The equilibrium expression for the above reaction is given below.
Initial concentration | 0.20 | 0 | 0 |
Change in concentration | -x | +x | +x |
Equilibrium concentration | 0.20-x | x | x |
The equilibrium concentration values obtained in the above table is substituted in the above equation and is given below.
Nitrous acid
Therefore, the
The obtained
The above equation, assume that the x present in 0.20-x is very small than 0.20 then it can be negligible and as follows,
Therefore, the pOH concentration of sodium nitrite is
Now, the
Therefore, the
Therefore, the
(c)
Interpretation:
The
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Answer to Problem 6D.14E
The
Explanation of Solution
Ammonia is a weak base when it is dissolved in water it ionized as positive and negative ions and it is given below.
The equilibrium expression for the above reaction is given below.
Initial concentration | 0.20 | 0 | 0 |
Change in concentration | -x | +x | +x |
Equilibrium concentration | 0.20-x | x | x |
The equilibrium concentration values obtained in the above table is substituted in the above equation and is given below.
Ammonia
The above equation, assume that the x present in 0.20-x is very small than 0.20 then it can be negligible and as follows,
Therefore, the pOH concentration of ammonia is
Now, the
Therefore, the
Therefore,
(d)
Interpretation:
The
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(d)
Answer to Problem 6D.14E
The
Explanation of Solution
Sodium cyanide is a strong base when it is dissolved in water it ionized as positive and negative ions and it is given below.
The equilibrium expression for the above reaction is given below.
Initial concentration | 0.20 | 0 | 0 |
Change in concentration | -x | +x | +x |
Equilibrium concentration | 0.20-x | x | x |
The equilibrium concentration values are obtained in the above table and is substituted in above equation and is given below.
Hydrocyanic acid
Therefore, the
The obtained
The above equation, assume that the x present in 0.20-x is very small than 0.20 then it can be negligible and as follows,
Therefore, the pOH concentration of sodium cyanide is
Now, the
Therefore, the
Therefore, the
The solutions are ranked in the order of increasing pH and it is given below.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES W/SAPLING
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