Loose-leaf Version for What Is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E & LaunchPad for What is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E (Twelve Month Access)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319154639
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W.H. Freeman & Co
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Chapter 6, Problem 8SA
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
How E. coli is able to survive in an environment with lactose and no glucose.
Introduction:
Although E. coli uses glucose as its primary source of energy, it has alternate pathways by which it can metabolize lactose.
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When lactose is added to growing culture of E. coli, the cells begin to make enzymes necessary for lactose utilization. In contrast, when tryptophan is added to the culture medium, synthesis of the enzymes for tryptophan pathway ceases. Contrast the two systems explaining why they act in reverse directions
If an E. coli cell lost the ability to use the pentose phosphate pathway, which amino acids would it require as growth factors?
“Lactose-intolerant” people have a shortage of lactase, the enzyme that breaks down lactose in milk. As a result, they sometimes develop cramps, bloating, or diarrhea after consuming dairy products. Suppose such a person ate yogurt that contains bacteria that produce lactase. Why would eating yogurt likely provide at best only temporary relief of the symptoms?
Chapter 6 Solutions
Loose-leaf Version for What Is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E & LaunchPad for What is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E (Twelve Month Access)
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- Although rabbits cannot digest the cellulose in their all-plant diet, bacteria that live in their cecum can. However, to make full use of the nutrients released by bacterial action, a rabbit must produce and eat a special type of feces. Why must the rabbit reswallow this material to obtain the nutrients released by bacterial action?arrow_forwardWhy is it advantageous for the E.coli to stop production of lactose digesting enzymes when lactose is absent?arrow_forwardLactase is an enzyme in the small intestine that helps break down the sugar lactose, found in milk. As lactose approaches the active site of lactase, as shown in the image, which of the following occurs first? The lactose molecule is broken into glucose and galactose. Lactase shifts to its lowest free energy level to allow lactose to enter the active site. Lactose creates a microenvironment as it approaches lactase to promote binding. Temporary bonding occurs between the active site and the substrate, causing a conformational change.arrow_forward
- In E. coli, a protein called Lac permease (encoded by lacY) imports lactose into cells so that a protein called beta-galactosidase (encoded by lacZ) can digest it into galactose and glucose. What are some similarities and differences between how you and E. coli import and metabolize lactose?arrow_forwardBacteroides is the predominant genus of bacteria found in the human gut microbiota. As anaerobic bacteria, Bacteroides undergo fermentation in the gut, converting otherwise nondigestible carbohydrates into fermentation products that are used by the host for energy. Which of the following toxins would be most likely to disrupt carbohydrate metabolism in Bacteroides species? * a toxin that inhibits the function of ATP synthase a toxin that prevents the formation of Krebs cycle products a toxin that inhibits the function of an enzyme during glycolysis a toxin that breaks down the membrane proteins of the electron transport chainarrow_forwardE. coli brings lactose into its cell by using an enzyme called Lac Permease. Once the lactose is inside, another enzyme called ß-galactosidase converts the lactose into galactose and glucose. 1. How is E. coli's way of dealing with lactose similar to how your cells do it? 2. How is it different?arrow_forward
- What if the cell found itself in an environment that contained ampleamounts of both lactose and glucose?arrow_forwarddescribe the molecular switches involved in microbial acute/prolonged starvation response. give one research article linkarrow_forwardWhy must nitrogen fixation occur in an anoxic (i.e., oxygen-free) environment? a)Because H2 is an additional product of nitrogen fixation, and the combination of H2 and O2 would cause the cell to combust. b)Oxygen poisons the dinitrogenase enzyme by entering the FeMo cluster c)Oxygen competes as an electron acceptor in the ETC, so electrons cannot be passed to N2. d)Oxygen "steals" electrons from the dinitrogenase reductase, producing free radicals.arrow_forward
- Cyanide is a highly toxic molecule. It bonds to a cytochrome in the electron transport chain located in the mitochondria, rendering the electron transport chain useless. The ingestion of cyanide, therefore, results in death due to which of the following? a) Starvation, due to an inability to create glucose. b) Build up of lactic acid. c) Inability to take in oxygen through the lungs. d) Cellular death from lack of energy.arrow_forwardIn eukaryotes, fatty acids are stored as triglycerides in cells that have A) Golgi that store fatty acids B) too little atp C) Lysosomes that synthesize glycogen from excess glucose D) Liposomes that contain an enzyme that performs dehydration synthesis E) mRNA that makes amino acids in to fat Explain whyarrow_forwardBesides the final product, what other important difference is there between the fermentation pathways of E. coli? Or, in other words, for what purpose does the cell activate the fermentative pathways when there is lack of oxygen?arrow_forward
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Microbial Nutrition and Growth; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rK3UkyWjkl8;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY