Concept explainers
(a)
To determine: Whether a cell depolarize or hyperpolarize when Cl- channel opens.
Introduction: Polarization is the electric difference across the cell membrane. It is the process of producing positive and negative electric charges inside the cell with respect to the surroundings.
(b)
To determine: Whether a cell depolarize or hyperpolarize when K+ channel opens.
Introduction: Resting potential of a cell is -70 mV. When resting potential alters, the cell either becomes hyperpolarize or depolarize. It becomes more negative or more positive.
(c)
To determine: Whether a cell depolarize or hyperpolarize when Na+ channel opens.
Introduction: At rest, a neuron has a resting potential of -70 mV. This states that inside of the cell is more negatively charged than the surrounding. When resting potential increases or decreases, a neuron transmits the message.
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Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
- Similarly, what will be the effect on membrane potential if Cl- ions move into a cell?arrow_forwardWhat is the application of electrical application in Cell Membrane potential gradient?arrow_forwardWhat key ATPase is important for maintaining this positive (outside) and negative (inside) transmembrane potential?arrow_forward
- In some circumstances, as during a nerve impulse, sodium ions must enter the cell. How are they able to do so?arrow_forwardWhat is the equilibrium membrane potential due to Na+ ions if the extracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 154 mM and the intracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 23 mM at 20 ∘C ?arrow_forwardWhat is an electrochemical gradient? What is responsible for the generation of the resting membrane potential?arrow_forward
- What happens to the membrane potential when Na+/K+ pump is active?arrow_forwardIf: membrane potential=-70mV, ENa=+60mV, and Ex=-90mV, consider which directions Na+ and K+ will leak across the membrane. If both ions are crossing the membrane, what is the most important factor in determining whether membrane potential will become more positive or more negative?arrow_forwardA cell biologist is performing an experiment using the voltage clamp method in which they are allowed to change the voltage in the membrane potential. They are wanting to record potassium currents and notice that for a certain membrane potential range, the voltage clamp highlights that there is an inward current of potassium. Would these readings make sense?arrow_forward
- At point A, what state are the voltage-gated sodium channels and potassium channels in?arrow_forwardWhat functions do Na1/K1-ATPase membrane pumps play in the membrane potential?arrow_forwardIn excitable cells, such as neurons, K+ is held at a much higher concentration inside the cell than outside. Which of the following would hold K+ at this concentration?arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning