Chapter 6.4, Problem 6MI

Summary Introduction

To complete:

The given table to compare the composition and functions of the four major groups of biological macromolecules.

Introduction:

Macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids are large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together. These macromolecules are also called polymers. Polymers are molecules made from repeating units called monomers.

Answer to Problem 6MI

Composition and functions of the four major groups of biological macromolecules are given in the table

Group	Composition	Functions
Proteins	Amino acids made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur	Transport of substances, speed reactions; provide structural support and provide hormones.
Nucleic acids	The polymer of nucleotides, each nucleotide made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen	Store and communicate genetic information
Carbohydrates	Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen for each carbon	Store energy; provide structural support
Lipids	Lipids are made of hydrocarbons	Store energy; provide steroids; waterproof coatings

Explanation of Solution

Organisms are made up of carbon-based molecules. Carbon compounds are the basic building blocks of living organisms. Biological macromolecules are formed by joining small carbon compounds into polymers. Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids are four types of biological macromolecules. Carbohydrate such as cellulose and starch are macromolecules made of monomers. Proteins are polypeptides. Peptide bonds join amino acids in proteins. The nucleic acid is polynucleotides. Chains of nucleotides form nucleic acids. Lipids are made of fatty acids, glycerol and other components.