Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 12PIAT
MODEL The distribution of melanosomes in cells is tightly regulated in animals that rapidly change color. Dark-colored cells have melanosomes scattered throughout the cytoplasm while light-colored cells have them aggregated near the nucleus. Draw a model of a cell representing each state, and predict how cells could use microtubules and motor proteins to change the distribution of melanosomes.
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Which is NOT a general function of the cellular cytoskeleton?
A
Structural support for the cell
B
Assembly of DNA into chromatin
C
Regulation of intracellular transport
D
Separation of the chromosomes during mitosis
E
Regulation of cell motility and cellular contraction
Match each of the following to its role in the cell.
Microtubules
Actin
Tubulin
Intermediate filaments
Kinesin
Dynein
Myosin
Centrosome
A.
Cytoskeletal fiber that is intermediate in diameter and very sturdy. Does not form from polymerization of protein monomers like the other ones we discussed in class, but consists of polypeptide strands. Keratin and Lamin A are examples.
B.
The structure that initiates polymerization of new microtubules and anchors microtubules in the center of the cell near the Golgi Complex.
C.
Motor protein whose activity results in contraction of muscle.
D.
Thinnest cytoskeletal filament. Responsible for initiation of amoeboid cell movement via pseudopod formation.
E.
The "monomer" unit of the thickest cytoskeletal polymer; a dimer of two polypeptide subunits.
F.
Cytoskeletal structure with the…
You are working in a lab and need to help a doctor discover the cause of a disorder related to cellular organelles. Study the list of symptoms given and provide a cellular explanation for the following symptoms experienced by patients. A 42 year old male that has had no major health issue to date complains of weight gain and tiredness. Laboratory results are negative for hepatitis and shows excessive glycogen granules in the liver. In addition there are high levels of fat in the liver (abnormal metabolism) and the male has low testosterone levels. Additional laboratory results show an abnormal calcium balance in the cells.
Which organelle(s) may be responsible for these symptoms? Explain your reasoning
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 7 - What are three attributes of mitochondria and...Ch. 7 - PROCESS OF SCIENCE Which of the following results...Ch. 7 - Molecular zip codes direct molecules to particular...Ch. 7 - How does the hydrolysis of ATP result in the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 7 - 7. Most of the proteins that enter the nucleus...Ch. 7 - Prob. 11PIATCh. 7 - 12. MODEL The distribution of melanosomes in cells...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15PIATCh. 7 - Prob. 16PIAT
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which statement best distinguishes plant cells and animal cells? There are more ribosomes in animal cells than in plant cells. Plant cells have more lysosomes than animal cells have. Plant cells have large vacuoles, and animal cells do not. The position of the nucleus in the cells is different in plants and animalarrow_forwardMany eukaryotic organelles are involved in the production and shipping of proteins out of the cell. Explain the pathway that a protein takes from its initial instructions through to its exportation from the cell. Include ALL organelles involved and explain their function.arrow_forwardA cell that is missing this structure would not be able to transport mRNA or ribosome subunits out of the nucleus. Name the cell structure AND explain why. Then state which type of cell(s) have this structure.arrow_forward
- Shock (failure of the circulatory system) is an abnormal condition in which blood flow is inadequate. The most common causes of shock are massive blood loss and obstruction of blood flow. As a result of shock, there is a failure to provide cells with oxygen and nutrients. In this circumstance, cells swell and lysosomal membranes rupture, among other effects. Describe how energy is generated during shock and why cell structure becomes destabilized.arrow_forwardList the three types of filaments associated with the cytoskeleton. Identify the structures in cells that are composed of microtubules.arrow_forwardCell in the pancreas produce insulin, a protein made to control glucose levels in blood stream. Therefore, which organell would be in larger quantities due to a pancreas cell's function? A Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum B) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondrion Lysosomearrow_forward
- Microtubules are important for transporting cargo in nerve cell axons, as diagrammed in Figure Q17- 33. Notice that the two types of cargo are traveling in opposite directions. Which of the following statements is likely to be false? cell body microtubule axon Figure Q17-33 inward transport axon terminal The black cargo and the gray cargo require ATP hydrolysis for their motion. The gray cargo is attached to dynein. outward transport The black cargo and the gray cargo are moving along microtubules of opposite polarity. The black cargo moving toward the axon terminal contains a domain that specifically interacts with the tail domain of a particular kind of motor.arrow_forwardhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzcTgrxMzZk facilitate a discussion on the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Address the diversity in structure and function of the various organelles. Additionally, predict and discuss what would be the impact on a cell if specific organelles were dysfunctional in that cell.arrow_forwardExplain the structure of dynein and kinesin and how their structures aid in organelle movement within a eukaryotic cell. Explain the structure of a muscle fiber and how the two proteins, actin and myosin, function together to produce movement.arrow_forward
- Draw and label a cell lipid bilayer and diagram how the following transport processes take place: passive diffusion of oxygen into the cell, facilitated diffusion of potassium into the cell, active transport of sucrose into the cell. Using different symbols (circles for oxygen, squares for sucrose, and triangles for potassium ions), show the relative concentrations (gradients) of these substances on the inside and outside of the cell. For example, to show that oxygen enters the cell by going “down” its gradient, you would draw more circles on the outside of the cell than inside the cell. Be sure to show and label membrane proteins when appropriate, and show the electric membrane potential using “+”s (pluses) on one side and “-”s (minuses) on the other side of the membrane. Also show the proton pump which uses ATP as a source of energy.arrow_forwardPlants are often subjected to warm temperatures. How might they adjust their cell membranes to deal with these temperature changes? (Choose All That Apply) change the type of DNA that is found in the membrane increase the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids increase the amount of saturated fats in the membrane increase the amount of sterols found in the membrane Please highlight the correct answerarrow_forwardWhich organelle makes proteins? What are some of the functions of proteins? Explain how the cell's ability to maintain homeostasis may be affected without this damaged cell organelle.arrow_forward
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