To review:
The conclusion drawn from the results of the given study.
Introduction:
Autophagy is the self-destruction of the damaged cell organelles and cytoplasmic entities in the lysosomes. The phenomenon of autophagy is responsible for the removal of melanosomes by lysosomal destruction. A research group investigated the role of the autophagy on the skin color with the help of drugs that will either inhibit autophagy or induce autophagy in the cells. The graph illustrates the comparison between the level of the melanin in the samples that are treated with drugs and the untreated control sample. P value is given as *P<0.05, &P**lt;0.01. The graph below shows the comparison between the levels of melanin in the treated sample with the untreated control sample.
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Biological Science (7th Edition)
- A unique aquatic plant was discovered from a lagoon in El Nido, Palawan. To determine the protein content of the plant, an adequate amount of the plant extract was acquired, and Bradford assay was performed. Determine the total protein concentration, in µg/mL, of the acquired plant extract. A bovine serum albumin (BSA) stock solution with a concentration of 250 µg/mL was used and mixtures with the following compositions and absorbance readings were prepared: Volume of BSA (mL) Volume of water (mL) Absorbance Tube # at 595 nm 1 0.00 2.00 0.000 2 0.20 1.80 0.112 3 0.40 1.60 0.225 4 0.60 1.40 0.318 5 0.80 1.20 0.432 6 1.00 1.00 0.551 The absorbance reading of the plant extract is 0.275.arrow_forwardSkin cancer carries a lifetime risk nearly equal to that of allother cancers combined. Following is a graph [modified fromK. H. Kraemer (1997). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 94:11–14]depicting the age of onset of skin cancers in patients with orwithout XP, where the cumulative percentage of skin cancer is plotted against age. The non-XP curve is based on 29,757 cancerssurveyed by the National Cancer Institute, and the curverepresenting those with XP is based on 63 skin cancers from theXeroderma Pigmentosum Registry.arrow_forwardWhich statement best describes the principle behind the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) assay used in the assay of subcellular fractions from mung bean seedlings? Question 11 options: SDH oxidized succinate to fumarate, then fumarate reduced DCPIP. Succinate is blue in colour, which is eliminated by its oxidation to fumarate by SDH. SDH produced FADH2, then FADH2 reduced DCPIP. SDH generated DCPIP, then DCPIP oxidized succinate to fumarate.arrow_forward
- For this exercise, an electron micrograph of secretory cells of the anterior pituitary is being used (Sandborn, E.B. (1970) Cells and Tissues by Light and Electron Microscopy, New York, New York: Academic Press, Inc.). The image originally measured 18.7 cm wide and 18.5 cm high with a magnification of 5200x. Given the width of the original micrograph at 18.7cm, what is the true width of unmagnified image? Show calculations.arrow_forwardExplain the term hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs)?arrow_forwardDescribe and connect five different outcomes that could occur due to the loss of FMRP function in the cell in the figure provided.arrow_forward
- [q4 discussion #1] In a study investigating the effects of new anti-itch cream, participants with minor skin rashes were randomly divided into one of three groups. In the first group, participants received a new anti-itch cream that contained 3% hydrocortisone. In the second group, the participants received the standard cream available over-the-counter which contains 1% hydrocortisone. The third and final group members received a cream that contained 0% hydrocortisone. The participants did not know to which group they were assigned. Participants used the cream for three days to relieve itching symptoms caused by rash. After three days, each participant’s rash was examined to determine if itching symptoms subsided. If this was not the case, the participant was provided with the standard treatment, which is known to relieve itching. Why are participants not told (blind to) their group assignment?arrow_forwardCancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. There are many biomedical engineering based approaches to detect CSCs. Question: What kind of systems have been developed to detect CSCs? Describe by giving examples. Please explain in detail the main findings with your own words.arrow_forward[q4 discussion #2] In a study investigating the effects of new anti-itch cream, participants with minor skin rashes were randomly divided into one of three groups. In the first group, participants received a new anti-itch cream that contained 3% hydrocortisone. In the second group, the participants received the standard cream available over-the-counter which contains 1% hydrocortisone. The third and final group members received a cream that contained 0% hydrocortisone. The participants did not know to which group they were assigned. Participants used the cream for three days to relieve itching symptoms caused by rash. After three days, each participant’s rash was examined to determine if itching symptoms subsided. If this was not the case, the participant was provided with the standard treatment, which is known to relieve itching. Is this a single or double blind study?arrow_forward
- Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. There are many biomedical engineering based approaches to detect CSCs. Question: What kind of systems have been developed to detect CSCs? Describe by giving examples. Please explain with a few examples.arrow_forward[q4 discussion #3] In a study investigating the effects of new anti-itch cream, participants with minor skin rashes were randomly divided into one of three groups. In the first group, participants received a new anti-itch cream that contained 3% hydrocortisone. In the second group, the participants received the standard cream available over-the-counter which contains 1% hydrocortisone. The third and final group members received a cream that contained 0% hydrocortisone. The participants did not know to which group they were assigned. Participants used the cream for three days to relieve itching symptoms caused by rash. After three days, each participant’s rash was examined to determine if itching symptoms subsided. If this was not the case, the participant was provided with the standard treatment, which is known to relieve itching. Do you think knowledge of group assignment (no blinding) would affect the results? Why or why not?arrow_forwardCancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. There are many biomedical engineering based approaches to detect CSCs. Question: What is the importance and advanatge of detecting CSCs?arrow_forward