Concept explainers
Refer to the figure to answer these questions:
a. Add labels for mRNA (including the 5' and 3' ends) and tRNA. In addition, draw in the RNA polymerase enzyme and the ribosomes, including arrows indicating the direction of movement for each.
b. What are the next three amino acids to be added to polypeptide b?
c. Fill in the
d. What is the sequence of the DNA complementary to the template strand (as much as can be determined from the figure)?
e. Does this figure show the entire polypeptide that this gene encodes? How can you tell?
f. What might happen to polypeptide b after its re lease from the ribosome?
g. Does this figure depict a prokaryotic or a eukaryotic cell? How can you tell?
(a)
To add:
The labels for
Concept introduction:
A polypeptide chain is formed during the process of translation. In this process, the
Explanation of Solution
Pictorial representation: Fig.1: The nucleotide sequence
Fig.1: The nucleotide sequence.
Explanation:
The
(b)
To determine:
What are next three amino acids to be added in polypeptide b.
Concept introduction:
A polypeptide chain is formed during the process of translation. In this process, the
Explanation of Solution
Pictorial representation: Fig.1: The nucleotide sequence
Fig.1: The nucleotide sequence.
Explanation:
Amino acid is an organic compound which serves as the basic building block of protein. It binds together with peptide bond to form protein, which performs specific function in body. It codes for amino acid methionine, serine and valine.
(c)
To fill:
The nucleotide in the
Concept introduction:
A polypeptide chain is formed during the process of translation. In this process, the
Explanation of Solution
Pictorial representation: Fig.1: The nucleotide sequence
Fig.1: The nucleotide sequence.
Explanation:
The
(d)
To determine:
What is the sequence of DNA, which is complementary to the template strand.
Concept introduction:
A polypeptide chain is formed during the process of translation. In this process, the
Explanation of Solution
Pictorial representation: Fig.1: The nucleotide sequence
Fig.1: The nucleotide sequence.
Explanation:
The template DNA strand is
(e)
To determine:
Does this figure show the entire polypeptide that this gene encodes. How can you tell this.
Concept introduction:
A polypeptide chain is formed during the process of translation. In this process, the
Explanation of Solution
Pictorial representation: Fig.1: The nucleotide sequence
Fig.1: The nucleotide sequence.
Explanation:
No, this is not the entire polypeptide chain that is coded by gene because this chain only contains initiation codon such as
(f)
To determine:
What might happen to polypeptide b after it releases from ribosome.
Concept introduction:
A polypeptide chain is formed during the process of translation. In this process, the
Explanation of Solution
Pictorial representation: Fig.1: The nucleotide sequence
Fig.1: The nucleotide sequence.
Explanation:
When polypeptide b is released from ribosome, the process of protein synthesis is terminated and complete protein is synthesized and ready for gene expression. Ribosome helps in binding amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain.
(g)
To determine:
Does this figure depict the prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell. How can you tell.
Concept introduction:
A polypeptide chain is formed during the process of translation. In this process, the
Explanation of Solution
Pictorial representation: Fig.1: The nucleotide sequence
Fig.1: The nucleotide sequence.
Explanation:
This figure represents the prokaryotic cell because in prokaryotic cell, both the transcription and translation process occur simultaneously, while in eukaryotic cell, the transcription and translation processes occur at different space and time.
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