Campbell Biology Concepts and Connections, Third custom edition for Orange Coast College, Includes Online Access code.
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781323753156
Author: Simon Taylor, Hogan Dickey, Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7, Problem 15TYK
Continue your comparison of electron transport and chemiosmosis in mitochondria and chloroplasts. In each case,
a. where do the electrons come from?
b. how do the electrons get their high potential energy?
c. what picks up the electrons at the end of the chain?
d. how is the energy released as electrons are transferred down the electron transport chain used?
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2.)
A.) Explain how electron transfer leads to ATP biosynthesis in the light reactions of photosynthesis. You must give details about how electron flow builds a pH gradient and a description of the compartments in the chloroplast in relation to pH. Also, compare the ETC of the mitochondrion with the ETC of the light reactions for both the source and destination for electrons.
B.) Would ATP biosynthesis happen if ionophores, which would create holes in the thylakoid membrane and allow uncontrolled passage of charged molecules such as protons between compartments, are provided to the chloroplast? Why or why not?
C.) How would you modify Complex I of the electron transport chain to decrease ATP yield from Step 3 of β-oxidation? As part of this, you must explain why there is a difference in ATP yield between NADH and FADH 2 AND give a specific change to the ETC that would decrease ATP yield from Step 3
Describe how the structure of the mitochondria OR the chloroplast aids in function.
12. Why do the chlorophyll a molecules in photosystem II have an optimal absorbance of light at 680 nm, while the chlorophyll a molecules in photosystem I have an optimal absorbance of light at 700 nm? What does this tell you about the transfer of energy between these two photosystems during the light reactions?
"Energy Transformation"
Photosynthesis
Answer the following questions correctly and explain your answer.
a. What are the basic stages of the Calvin cycle?
b. What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Campbell Biology Concepts and Connections, Third custom edition for Orange Coast College, Includes Online Access code.
Ch. 7 - Complete this summary map of photosynthesis.Ch. 7 - In photosynthesis, __________ is oxidized and...Ch. 7 - Which of the following are produced by reactions...Ch. 7 - When light strikes chlorophyll molecules in the...Ch. 7 - The reactions of the Calvin cycle are not directly...Ch. 7 - Which of the following does not occur during the...Ch. 7 - Why is it difficult for C3 plants to carry out...Ch. 7 - How is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM...Ch. 7 - To synthesize one glucose molecule, the Calvin...Ch. 7 - Compare and describe the roles of CO2 and H2O in...
Ch. 7 - Explain why a poison that inhibits an enzyme of...Ch. 7 - What do plants do with the sugar they produce in...Ch. 7 - Explain what is meant by saying the light...Ch. 7 - The following diagram compares the chemiosmotic...Ch. 7 - Continue your comparison of electron transport and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 7 - Most scientific experts agree that climate change...
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- "Energy Transformation" ATP-ADP CYCLE Answer the following questions correctly and explain your answer. a. How do plants capture the sun's energy? b. What happens to light when it hits an object?arrow_forwardPlease help! Photosynthesis and Cell respiration: A. What should happen to the O2 levels in a closed container containing a plant during the day? why? B. And what happens to the O2 levels during the night (no light)? Why?arrow_forwardFor the following questions, choose one to discuss: chloroplast/photosynthesis State at the outset which one you will discuss. A) What role do proton gradients play in the process of photosynthesis proton gradients allow B) Where are proton gradients formed? Within what structures are they seen in chloroplasts How do the structures help them to maintain a gradient? C) Explain where and how the chloroplast or mitochondria uses passive transport and active transport to complete photosynthesis or cellular respiration.arrow_forward
- 5. a) The cell creates molecules of NADH and FADH2to use in the electron transport chain as they are electron carrier molecules. The electron transfers from these moleculesdrives the movement of what molecule across the mitochondrial membrane?b) What is chemiosmosis?c) How does the cell use chemiosmosis to drive overcome the thermodynamic barrier of bringing phosphates close togehter to create ATP?d) What steps of oxidative phosphorylation are in the cytosol and which are in the mitochondria?e) Cellular respiration can be controlled at the post-translational level. What does this mean, using GLUT as an example? Why is post-translational control of GLUT evolutionarilyadaptive over transcriptional control?f) How does establishment of equillibria of various molecules control metabolic reactions? What are three ways high ATP in the cell control cellular respiration?g) Why are the enzymes controlling the initial steps of various biochemical pathways are targeted by allosteric control?arrow_forwardWhy is a hypotonic buffer used for the resuspension? 1.DCPIP passes easily across the intact chloroplast membrane, but can't get into the thylakoid, so electron transport could not be reliably measured if using a hypotonic buffer. 2.To gently lyse the chloroplasts, leaving the electron transport membranes intact, whilst allowing DCPIP access 3.To gently separate the chloroplasts from each other, leaving the electron transport membranes intact, whilst allowing DCPIP access 4.DCPIP cannot easily across the intact chloroplast membrane, so electron transport could not be reliably measured if using a hypotonic buffer.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are correct? Explain your answers.A. Many, but not all, electron-transfer reactions involve metal ions.B. The electron-transport chain generates an electrical potential across the membrane because it moves electrons from the intermembrane space into the matrix.C. The electrochemical proton gradient consists of two components: a pH difference and an electrical potential.D. Ubiquinone and cytochrome c are both diffusible electron carriers.E. Plants have chloroplasts and therefore can live without mitochondria.arrow_forward
- IS THIS A GOOD BREAK DOWN? WHAT ELSE CAN I SHOULD I ADD? Briefly explain the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis: where does this take place, what are the reactants and what is produced? Light-dependent reactions are used to convert light energy into chemical energy for use by the plants. Through the process of photosynthesis, the energy collected from the sun is broken down, along with water molecules, to produce NADPH and ATP. Light-dependent reactions Goal Convert light energy into chemical energy Location Chloroplasts—thylakoids Input Sunlight, H2O, NADP+, ADP Output NADPH, ATP, O2arrow_forward"Energy Transformation" ATP-ADP CYCLE Answer the following questions correctly and explain your answer. 1. How do plants cope with the change in season? Give a detailed description and explanation. 2. How do plants capture the sun's energy? 3. What happens to light when it hits an object?arrow_forwardPlease answer fast Many commercial herbicides act by inhibiting photosynthetic electron transport. They are investigating three herbicides for potential inhibitors of photosynthetic electron transport. a) How can you determine whether these substances have an inhibitory effect on photosynthetic electron transport? How can you quantify the effect? b) An inhibitor has produced a strong effect in "in vitro" tests, but the effect is significantly less in "in vivo" tests. What can be the reason for the reduced effect "in vivo"?arrow_forward
- 1.) [Cellular Respiration] Among the glycolysis products, which will most likely to make a high net production of ATP? a.) CO2 b.)NADH c.)H2O d.)ATP Synthase 2.) [Photosynthesis] What similar feature of both mitochondria and chloroplasts is known to help in their role in photosynthesis and respiration? a.) increased organelle volume b.) Decreased organelle volume c.) Increased membrane thickness d.) Increase membrane protein contentarrow_forwardProtons move across the thylakoid membrane in both directions during the light reactions of photosynthesis...... 1. When protons move in to the thylakoid, are they moving up or down their concentration gradient? (From low to high concentration or from high to low concentration?) 2. Since protons are charged, they cannot freely diffuse across a plasma membrane. What protein(s) facilitate the transport of protons in to the thylakoid?arrow_forwardHIGH SCHOOL BIOLOGY QUESTION - please provide a junior/senior high school level response. Compare and contrast the electron transport chain in the mitochondrion v.s. chloroplast in terms of the electron carriers used to "drop off" electrons, the direction of H+ pumping, the creation of an electrochemical gradient, the synthesis of ATP, the final electron exceptor, etc. How are they similar? How are they different?arrow_forward
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